Camus, Albert. 1913-60. Existentialist absurd French writer: l’Étranger, Caligula.

Canning, George. 1770-1827. British Foreigh Secretary. Copenhagen. Peninsular War.

Capek, Karel. 1890-1938. Czech playwright. Rossum’s Universal Robots. -coined term 1920.

Capernaum. Jesus’ second home and site of miracles.

Carducci, Giosue. 1835-1907. Italian Neoclassical poet.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

Carlos, Don. 1788-1855. Claimed Spanish throne 1833, succeeding brother Ferdinand VII. Carlists.

Carlsbad Decrees. 1819. Censorship and repressive measures against liberal Burschenschaften.

Caroline Affair. 1837. Canadians destroy US vessel at Niagara for supplying rebels. Mackenzie.

Carrel, Alexis. 1873-1944. French/US surgeon. Pioneered transplants.

Carrhae, Battle. 53BC. Failed Roman invasion of Parthia. Crassus killed. End of first triumvirate.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Casablanca, Conference. 1943. Allies agree to fight Axis and Japan to unconditional surrender.

Cassius, Gaius. c42BC. Led assassination of Julius Caesar. Suicide.

Caste System. Hereditary social division, esp. in Hindu India. Brahman. Kshatriyas. Vaisyas. Sudras. Untouchables.

Castel Gandolfo. 1596-. Pope’s summer residence.

Cat and Mouse Act. Prisoners Temporary Discharge for Health Act. 1913. Released British suffragettes on hunger strikes.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Challenger Expedition. 1872-6. Oceanic survey of currents, depths, temps.

Chares. Greek bronze sculptor: Colossus of Rhodes 292BC.

Charlie, Bonnie Prince. 1720-88. Scottish Stuart pretender to the English throne. Unsuccessful revolt 1745. Exiled.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chatterton, Thomas. 1752-70. English poet. Forerunner of Romantics. Suicide.

Chikamatsu, Monzaemon. 1653-1724. Japanese playwright. “The Shakespeare of Japan”.

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