Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Nobile, Umberto. 1885-1978. Italian general, flew over South Pole in a dirigible, 1926, with Amundsen, Ellsworth.

O’Donnell, Leopoldo. 1809-67. Spanish general with Isabella II vs Carlists.

Orestes. -476. Roman general. Deposed Nepos for his son, Romulus Augustulus.

Pandit, Vijaya. 1900-90. Fought for Indian independence. First woman president of UN General Assembly 1953-4. Nehru’s Sister.

Patton, George. 1885-1945. US general. Tank warfare.

Pelopidas. -364BC. Theban general. Defeated Sparta.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Philip II. 382-336BC. General: unified Macedonia. Alexander’s father.

Picquart, Georges. 1854-1914. French general imprisoned for defense of Dreyfus.

Pilsudski, Józef. 1867-1935. Polish general, Head of State 1918-22, Prime Minister after coup 1926-. Defended Poland vs Russia 1919-20.

Ptolemy I Suter. c366-283BC. Ruled Egypt 323-; king 305-. General of Alexander the Great.

Putnam. American General at Bunker Hill. “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.”

Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti. 1879-1972. Indian Governor General 1948-50. Founded Swatantra Party 1959.

Realism. General concepts have an existence independent of material things or names. Plato. St Anselm.

Relativity. Einstein’s theories that space and time are not absolute. Special 1905. General 1916.

Ricimer. -472. Roman general. Defeated Vandals, deposed Emperor.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Salan, Raoul. 1899-1984. French general. Created OAS 1961. Imprisoned 1962-8.

Santa Anna, Antonio de. 1794-1876. Mexican general, president 1833~47. Defeated at San Jacinto, Mexican War.

Scharnhorst, Gerhard von. 1755-1813. Prussian general, reorganized army. General staff system.

Scipio. 3-1C BC Family of Roman leaders, generals.

Scipio Africanus Major. 236-183BC. Roman general. Pushed Carthaginians from Spain. Defeated Hannibal at Zama 202.

Scipio Africanus Minor. 185-129BC. Roman Consul, censor, general. Conquered, destroyed Carthage.

Seeckt, Hans von. 1866-1936. German general. Secretly rebuilt army after WWI.

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