Siegfried Line. 1937-40 German fortifications on western frontier = West Wall. Also, part of Hindenburg Line.

Sillitoe, Alan. 1928-. English writer of working class life. Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner 1959.

Spanish Armada. 1588. English support Dutch Revolt. Philip II sends 129 ships against England. Howard, Drake, Hawkins, with 197 ships, chase the armada from English Channel, thanks to a NW gale. Spain declines as naval power. Wars of Religion.

Spengler, Oswald. 1880-1936. German historian of cultural cycles: Decline of the West 1918-22.

Suffragettes. Women seeking right to vote. Pankhurst. Anthony. Stanton. Suffrage.

Tamerlane. 1336-1405. Barbaric Mongol Moslem conquerer. First of Timurid line. Routed Golden Horde. Conquered Ottomans 1402. Mehmed I.

Torres Vedras, Lines. 1808-14. Fortifications protect Portugal from French invasion.

Ugolino della Gherardesca. -1289. Italian Guelf noble. Executed by starvation for treason.

Unverdorben, Otto. 1806-73. Aniline dyes from indigo 1826.

Ursulines. 1535. Roman Catholic order founded by Angela Merci for the education of women.

Walesa, Lech. 1943-. Polish Solidarity leader instrumental in forcing decline of Communist rule. President 1990-96.

Welfs. 12C dynasty in Bavaria and Saxony defeated by Hohenstaufen. Guelfs.

White Lotus Rebellion. 1796-1804. China. Buddhists vs Manchu. Suppressed. Showed Ch’ing decline.