Notables, Assembly. French deputies of states appointed by king.

Novotny, Antonin. 1904-75. Stalinist Czech leader 1953-68. Deposed.

Nullification. US states’ rights to remedy federal abuse of power locally. Calhoun.

Numa Pompilius. c715-673BC. Second king of Rome. Organized the ceremony of state.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

OAS. Organization of American States. 1948. Western Hemisphere organization for peace, security, and economic cooperation. Cuba expelled 1962.

OAU. Organization of African Unity. 1963. Formed to improve living standards and eliminate colonialism.

OCAS. Organization of Central American States. 1951-. For regional and economic unity. CACM.

O’Casey, Sean. 1880-1964. Irish Realist playwright: Juno and the Paycock 1924. Plow and the Stars 1926.

Oder-Neisse Line. 1945- Polish-German border established by Potsdam Conference.

Okubo, Toshimichi. 1830-78. Japanese statesman. Meiji Restoration. Westernized Japan.

Old Testament. 10C BC. Hebrew portion of Bible. Apocrypha. Latin Vulgate.

Oldcastle, John. c1378-1417. English soldier. Lollard heretic leader. Model for Falstaff.

Oldenbarneveldt, Jan van. 1547-1619. Dutch statesman vs Spanish occupation. Negotiated Treaty of Utrecht.

Oleg. -c912. Varangian prince of Kiev, founded Rus state.

Omar. 581-644. Second Moslem caliph. Invaded Syria, Egypt, Persia. Established taxation.

Omri. -c872BC. King of Israel c884-. Established capital at Samaria.

Opera Buffa. = Comic Opera. Pergolesi.

Orange Free State. 1820 Boer colony. 1848 British. 1854 Independent. 1900 British. 1910 Union of South Africa. Boer War.

Orangemen. 1795- Irish Protestant political faction.

Oregon Question. 1818-46. Britain vs US on Canadian border. Treaty established 49°N 1846.

Orient Express. 1883-1977. Paris-Istanbul train.

Orléans, Louis Philippe, duc d’. 1747-93. Became Citizen Égalité 1892. Joined Third Estate. Father of King Louis-Philippe.

Ostracism. Athenian 10 year exile for disrupting stability.

Ottoman Empire. 1300-1922. Turkish empire in Balkans, Near East, N Africa. Conquered Byzantine Empire. 1402 Destroyed by Tamerlane. 1413 Rebuilt by Mehmed. 1453 Conquered Constantinople. Eastern Question. Mehmed II. Süleiman the Magnificent. Turkey.

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