Marcion. 144. Founded heretical sect with 2 Gods: imperfect Old Testament God and Jesus’ merciful God.

Marlborough Statute. Westminster, Provisions of.

Marvell, Andrew. 1621-78. English satirical poet. To His Coy Mistress. Poems on Affairs of State 1689.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mason-Dixon Line. 1763-7. MD-PA border named for its 2 surveyors. 1820- Separated slave/free states.

Masora. 6-10C. Hebrew reconstruction of Old Testament.

Massachussets Bay Co. 1620-84. English charter company established Theocracy in Mass. Charter annulled 1684. Plymouth Colony.

Mastaba. First Dynasty Egyptian tombs. Inspired pyramids.

Mauritania. Bafours. ~1C BC Sanhadja, Zenet, Teda. Ancient Ghana. 7/8C Moslem. 11C Almoravid. 13-17C Moqil invade. 15C = Shinqit. 19C «French West Africa. 1958 Autonomous. 1960 Independent.

McPherson, Aimee Semple.1890-1944. Controversial Canadian/US Pentacostal evangelist.

Mediterranean Agreements. 1887-92. Britain, Spain, Italy, Austria-Hungary. To preserve status quo.

Mehmed II. 1432-81. Ottoman sultan 1451~. Captured Constantinople 1453, ending Byzantine Empire. Conquered Anatolia, Greece, Aegean, most of Syria. Re-established Ottoman Empire.

Mehmed VI. 1861-1926. Last Ottoman Sultan 1918-22. Deposed by Ataturk.

Melanchthon, Philip. 1497-1560. German Lutheran theologian educationist. Dogmatic Protestant 1521, introduced term. Augsburg Confession 1530. Ethics 1538.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Metaphysical Painting. 1911-20. Bizarre surreal imagery in stark landscape. De Chirico.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Methodism. Protestant religious movement founded by Wesley 1729. Moravian, Calvinistic evangelical.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

Micah. 8C BC. Old Testament prophet.

Michael VIII. 1224-82. Byzantine Emperor 1259-. Won Constantinople from Latins. Founded Paleologus dynasty.

Middle Ages. 395-1492. Collapse of Rome to Columbus. Rise of Church power, modern European states. Dark Ages.

Milan, Edict of. 313. Constantine grants freedom of religion to Christians.

Mile. 1593. English statute mile based on Roman Mille Passus, 1000 paces.

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