Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Gelasius I, St. Pope 492-6. Compiled first Missal. Hard line continued rift with Constantinople.

Gempei War. 1180-5. Japanese civil war. Established Kamakura shogunate.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

George III. 1738-1820. King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-. Supported King’s Friends. Political instability. American Revolution. Insane 1810-.

German Confederation. 1815-66. 39 states allied for mutual defence. Dominated by Austria.

German East Africa. 1891 German protectorate. 1919 Tanganyika, Ruanda Urundi.

German South-West Africa. 1884 Protectorate. 1892-1919 Colony. Namibia.

German-Soviet Pact. 1939-41. Nonaggression agreement. Divided Poland, Baltic between USSR/Germany. Left Hitler free to invade Poland, starting WWII.

Gerry, Elbridge. 1744-1814. US statesman. XYZ Affair. 1812 Gerrymandering - drawing electoral boundaries to affect the outcome of an election.

Gestalt. 1912. Psychological school of perception as an integrated whole.

Gestapo. 1933-45. Hitler’s internal secret police under Goering.

Ghazan, Mahmud. 1271-1304. Mongol Persian ruler 1295-. Made Islam state religion.

Ghaznavid. 977-1186. Turkish dynasty in Iran, Afghanistan, India.

Giscard d’Éstaing, Valéry. 1926-. French UDF President 1974-81.

Glorious Revolution. 1688. British Protestant William and Mary depose James II. Declaration of Rights, Bill of Rights 1689.

Gobelins Tapestry Works. 1440. Established by Jehan Gobelin. Colbert reorganized 1662. Louis XIV sumptuous style. Le Brun. Versailles interiors.

Goering, Hermann. 1893-1946. German WWI flying ace, Nazi Prime Minister. Gestapo. Condemned at Nuremberg. Suicide.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Gothic Architecture. 12-15C. Began with French cathedrals and spread over N Europe. Pointed arches, rib vaulting, flying buttresses. Stability achieved with balance rather than mass. Airy lightness. St. Denis 1140. Notre Dame Cathedral. Tudor.

Gottfried von Strassbourg. 13C. German poet. Tristan and Isolde.

Grandfather Clause. -1915. S US states limited vote to those enfranchised by 1866/7.

Greek Fire. 648. Byzantine secret weapon. Flammable substance that ignited on contact with water invented by Callinicus of Heliopolis.

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