Pathé, Charles. 1863-1957. French film maker. First Newsreels 1909. Les Misérables 1909. Perils of Pauline 1914.

Pathet Lao. 1950-91. Laotian communists vs French rule in Indochina.

Paton, Alan. 1903-88. South African writer. Cry the Beloved Country 1948.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

Peasants’ Crusade. 1096. Led by Walter the Penniless. Annihilated in Anatolia. Inspired First Crusade.

Peisistratus. -527BC. Athenian Tyrant 560BC~. Attacked Ionia. Supported external trade, arts.

Pelagius. c354-c425. Welsh monk. Held heretical view that God rewards the virtuous. Free will, no original sin vs Determinism. Pelagians.

Peleus. Mythical Greek king of Myrmidons. Achilles’ father.

Pelopidas. -364BC. Theban general. Defeated Sparta.

Peloponnesian War. 460-445BC. Athens vs Peloponnesian League.

Peloponnesian War, Second. 431-404BC. Sparta defeats Athens, beginning Greek decline.

Pepin the Short. c714-68. First Carolingian king of France 751-. Charlemagne’s father. Donation of Pepin.

Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista. 1710-36. Italian opera buffa composer. La serva padrona 1733. “War of the Buffoons” Paris 1752.

Pericles. c495-429BC. Athenian leader 461-. Led to Athenian dominance of Greece. Parthenon. Height of democracy.

Perrault, Charles. 1628-1703. French poet. Mother Goose 1697.

Perret, Auguste. 1874-1954. French architect in reinforced concrete. Champs-Élyées Theatre.

Perry, Matthew. 1794-1858. US Commodore. Opened Japanese trade 1854.

Peter I. The Great. 1672-1725. Czar of Russia. Created navy. Defeated Sweden 1709. Founded St. Petersburg.

Peter III. 1728-62. Czar 1762. Overthrown by wife Catherine the Great.

Peter the Hermit. 1050-1115. French. Led ill-equipped army in First Crusade.

Peter’s Pence. Tithe paid to papacy.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philippics. Acrimonious orations of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedonia.

Phrynichus. c512-476BC. Athenian playwright. First women characters. Capture of Miletus 494BC.

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