La Voisin. Burned at the stake for selling “inheritance powder” (poison), 1680. Poisons Affair.

Leaning Tower. 1174-1350. Pisa cathedral bell tower.

Legendre, Adrien. 1752-1833. French mathematician. Irrationality of pi, 1794. Elliptical integrals, 1786.

Leipzig Debate. 1519. Luther vs Eck. Both claim victory.

Lemaître, Georges. 1894-1966. Belgian cosmologist. Big Bang theory of creation 1927.

Le Nain. Antoine, 1588-1648. Louis, 1593-1648. Mathieu, 1607-1677. French brothers, painters. Popular Scenes 1642.

Leninism. Applied Dialectical Materialism. World Proletariat Revolution. Dictatorship of the Proletariat, then transition to Communism. Authoritarian conspiratorial elite conscious of imperative of history. “Freedom in discussion-unity in action”.

Leo X. 1475-1521. Pope 1513-. Excommunicated Luther. Depleted treasury.

Leonidas. King of Sparta. Killed resisting Persians at Thermopylae, 480BC.

Lessing, Doris. 1919-. Iran./Rhodesian/British novelist. The Children of Violence 1964.

Lessing, Gotthold. 1729-81. German Movement dramatist. Laokoon 1765. Minna von Barnheim 1767. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Lethe. Greek mythical river of forgetfulness in Hades.

Leuctra, Battle. 371BC. Thebes defeats Sparta, signalling decline.

Leutze, Emanuel. 1816-68. US painter. Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1908-. Belgian/French ethnologist. Theory of Symbolic Structures: Mythologiques 1964-8.

Levites. Hebrew religious teachers, who slaughtered the idolators of the golden calf.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Liberalism. 19C. Movement for freedom of the individual, democracy. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. 20C. Movement to free individuals from economic restraint by social welfare programs.

Liberalism, Theological. 17C. Religious inquiry based on reason vs authority.

Littré, Paul-Émile. 1801-81. French positivist philosopher. Dictionary of the French Language 1863-73.

Livia Drusilla. 58BC-29 AD. Influential wife of Augustus. Mother of Tiberius.

Lohengrin. German legendary knight of the Holy Grail.

London, Jack. 1876-1916. US adventure author. Call of the Wild 1903.

Long, Crawford. 1815-78. US physician. First surgical use of ether, 1842.

Long, Huey. 1893-1935. US demagogic Louisiana governor. 1928-31, US Senator 1931-5. Share the Wealth. Shot.

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