Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Grimm, Wilhelm. 1786-1859, Jacob 1785-1863. German writers of fairy tales 1812, founders of the German philology.

Gringo. 1847. Mexican pejorative for American. From “Green grow the rushes, oh”, sung during Mexican War.

Gulf War. 1990-91. Allies (US, Britain, France, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia +26 others) expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Gunpowder Plot. Nov 5, 1605. Conspiracy of Catholics against James I. Betrayed, the Houses of Parliament were not blown up. Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy each year. Catesby.

Gunther. -437. First King of Burgundy, defeated by Huns.

Haeretico Comburendo. 1401. English statute legalizing the burning of heretics.

Hafez. 1325-89. Persian poet. Divan 1369. Now, anyone who has memorized the Koran.

Haller, Albrecht von. 1708-77. Swiss anatomist. “Father of experimental physiology”.

Hamilcar Barca. -228BC. Hannibal’s father.

Hammett, Dashiell. 1894-1961. US detective story writer. The Thin Man 1952. Maltese Falcon 1930.

Hammurabi. -1750BC. Babylonian king 1792- who codified the law.

Hannibal. 247-182BC. Carthaginian leader. Crossed the Alps with elephants in winter to attack Rome 217BC. St Bernard Pass. Punic Wars.

Hardy, Thomas. 1840-1928. English novelist: Far from the Madding Crowd 1874; Mayor of Casterbridge 1886; Jude the Obscure 1896. Man as victim of fate. -“the worth encompassed by the inevitable”.

Harnack, Adolf von. 1851-1930. German theological historian. History of Dogma 1886-9.

Hazlitt, William. 1778-1830. English essayist, critic. The Plain Speaker 1826.

Heath, Edward. 1916-. British Conservative Prime Minister 1970-4. Common Market.

Heliocentricity. Revolution of the earth around the sun. Once considered heretical. Galileo. Copernicus.

Henry the Navigator. 1394-1460. Portuguese prince. Sponsored African exploration. School of Navigation 1423.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Hermes Trismegistus. Egyptian founder of alchemy. Passed secret only to the sons of Pharaoahs.

Herod. 73-4BC. King of Judaea 37BC-. Massacre of the Innocents.

Herod Antipas. 21BC-39 AD. Galileen king 4BC-. Killed John the Baptist for Salome.

Herodes Atticus. c101-177. Greek/Roman orator, banker. Gave major buildings to Athens.

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