Parr, Catherine. 1512-48. Sixth and last wife of Henry VIII.

Parthenon. 447-431BC. Marble Doric temple of Athena built by Phidias and Ictinus under Pericles on Athens Acropolis. Damaged by Venetians attacking Turks 1687.

Pasiphaë. Greek wife of Minos, mother of Ariadne and Minotaur.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Paterson, William. 1658-1719. Scottish. Founded Bank of England 1694. Darien Scheme.

Patriarch. Christian bishops with jurisdiction over other bishops. 325 Rome. 692 Antioch. Alexandria, Constantinople, Jerusalem. 1598 Moscow.

Patrick, St. c389-461. Patron saint of Ireland. Introduced monasticism. Converted Irish. Said to have invented Irish Whiskey 450.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Peasants’ War. 1524-6. Geneva Anabaptist peasants crushed by nobles and clergy. Muntzer.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

People’s Republic. Communist government by a people’s party. Democratic mandate from popular revolution. Often Totalitarian.

Perestroika. 1986. Gorbachev’s policy of government and economic reform.

Pérez de Ayala, Ramón. 1880-1962. Spanish writer. Balarmino and Apolonio.

Periander. Corinthian tyrant c627-586BC. Trade and art expansion.

Perón, Isabel. 1931-. Argentine president 1974-5, succeeding husband.

Perpendicular. c1350-1500. English Gothic architecture. Square and heavy materialistic design.

Perseus. Slew Medusa with gods’ weapons. Married Andromeda.

Pershing, John. 1860-1948. US general; commanded French front 1918. WWI.

Pérugini, Pietro le. 1445-1523. Italian painter. Taught Raphael. St. Peter and Keys 1482 (Sistine Chapel).

Pestalozzi, Johann. 1746-1827. Swiss educator. Modern primary education system. Paced development from familiar to new. Lienhard and Gertrude 1781-9. How Gertrude Teaches 1801.

Petöfi, Sándor. 1823-49. Hungarian lyric poet. Hero of the 1848-9 revolution. Poetry of Liberation. János Vitéz 1845.

Pharisees. 2C BC-70. Jewish religious sect. Oral law and Torah, vs Sadducees (Torah only). Mishna.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

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