Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles, Jacques. French physicist, launched early hydrogen balloon 1783 with Robert. Gas Law V=kT 1798.

Charles I. 1887-1922. Last ruler of Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1916-18.

Charles I, of Anjou. 1226-85. French King of Naples and Sicily 1246-. Son of Louis VIII. Harsh rule. First Angevin.

Charles II. 1630-85. King of Great Britain and Ireland. Restored monarchy, 1660.

Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles III. 1716-88. King of Spain 1759-. Enlightened despot. Lost Florida but strengthened empire.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles VII, the Well-served. 1403-61. King of France 1422-. Joan of Arc. Arras Treaty. Pragmatic Sanction.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles X Gustav. 1622-60. Swedish king 1654-. Gt. Northern War.

Charles Emmanuel I. 1562-1630. Duke of Savoy. Last attack vs Geneva, 1602. Escalade.

Charles the Bold. 1433-77. Duke of Burgundy. Adversary of Louis XI.

Charlie, Bonnie Prince. 1720-88. Scottish Stuart pretender to the English throne. Unsuccessful revolt 1745. Exiled.

Charon. Ferryman on River Styx.

Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chartreuse. 1084. Isère, French first Carthusian monastery.

Chase, Salmon. 1808-73. US. Founded Republican Party. National banking system.

Chassériau, Théodore.1819-56. French portrait artist.

Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

Che. 15C school of Ming painters in 12-13C style.

Chekhov, Anton. 1860-1904. Russian melancholic cynical novelist/dramatist: Seagull, Three Sisters.

Cheops. c2600BC. Egyptian pharaoh, largest pyramid.

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