Castel Gandolfo. 1596-. Pope’s summer residence.

Castiglione. 1796. Napoleonic victory kept Austria out of Italy.

Castiglione, Baldassare. 1478-1529. Italian writer. Ideal court gentleman. Il Cortigiano 1528.

Castile. 1029 Split off León 1230 + León. 1479 + Aragon. 1512 + Navarre = Spain.

Castillon, Battle. 1453. Final English defeat in the Hundred Years War.

Castlereagh, Robert. 1769-1822. Represented Britain at Congress of Vienna.

Castor and Pollux. Greek twin dieties. Patrons of sailors.

Castro, Fidel. 1926-. Cuban lawyer. Cuban Revolution. Dictator 1959-.

Cat and Mouse Act. Prisoners Temporary Discharge for Health Act. 1913. Released British suffragettes on hunger strikes.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Cateau-Cambresis, Treaty. 1559. Ended Italian Wars. Italy, Savoy to Spain. Calais to France.

Cathars. 11-14C. Christian Gnostic heretic sect. Albigens. 1030 burned in Italy.

Cather, Willa. 1873-1947. US novelist. O Pioneers 1913.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catherine of Aragon. 1485-1536. First wife of Henry VIII. Marriage annulled.

Catherine of Sienna, St. 1347-80. Influential Italian mystic. Patron saint of Italy.

Catholic Emancipation Act. 1829. Catholics readmitted to English Parliament. Test Act. O’Connell.

Catiline. 109-62BC. Roman patrician who conspired against Cicero and the Senate.

Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catt, Carrie. 1859-1947. US feminist leader. 19th Amendment.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cauchon, Pierre. 1371-1442. Bishop of Beauvais, judged Joan of Arc.

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