Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Theocritus. c310-250BC. Greek originator of pastoral poetry.

Theodora. c500-48. Byzantine Empress, adviser, wife of Justinian I.

Theodore, St. c602-90. Archbishop of Canterbury; organized English church.

Theodore of Mopsuestia. 350-428. Greek bishop. Scientific bible study influenced Nestorius.

Theodore Studites, St. 759-826. Led iconoclasm opposition.

Theodoric I. -534. Frankish king of Austrasia. Son of Clovis I.

Theodoric the Great. 455-526. King of Ostrogoths. Conquered Italy 493.

Theodosius I. 346-95. Emperor of East Roman Empire 379-. Unified East and West. Edict of Catholic faith, 380.

Theodosius II. 401-50. Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire 408-. Theodosian Code. University of Constantinople 425.

Theophrastus. c372-287BC. Greek philosopher. Led Peripatetics after Aristotle.

Theorell, Axel. 1903-82. Swedish biochemist. Enzyme oxidation.

Theosophy. 1875- Revival of ancient mystical philosophy. Salvation through direct knowledge of God. Blavatsky. Besant.

Thermopylae. 480BC. Spartans resist Xerxes 3 days before being overwhelmed.

Thetis Disaster. 1939. British submarine fails to resurface.

Thiers, Adolphe. 1797-1877. French. Led July Revolution. Paris wall 1841. Crushed Paris Commune 1871. First president of Third Republic 1871-3.

Thimmonier. French tailor. First practical sewing machine 1829. Saint.

Third Coalition, War. 1805. England, Austria, Russia, Sweden beaten by France, Spain despite Trafalgar victory. Ulm. Austerlitz. Coalition.

Third Estate. Part of States General 1789. National Assembly. French Revolution.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Thirty Years’ Peace. 445-415BC Ended First Peloponnesian War.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Thistlewood, Arthur. 1774-1820. English failed Cato St Conspiracy.

Thököly, Imre. 1657-1705. Led Hungarian Protestant rebels vs Austria. Besieged Vienna with Turks 1683.

Thomas, John. 1805-71. US founder of Christadelphians.

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