Smog Disasters. London. 1952: 4000 dead. 1962: 750 dead.

Smollett, Tobias. 1721-71. Scottish humorous novelist. Peregrine Pickle 1751.

Smuts, Jan. 1870-1950. Boer general, Prime Minister of South Africa 1919~48.

Smyth, John. -1612. Founded Baptist Church.

Snellman, Johan. 1806-81. Finnish nationalist. Established national language.

Snow, C.D. 1905-80. English writer. Strangers and Brothers series.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Social Credit. 1919. Douglas’ economic theory. Give money to consumers, producers based on social credits, “liberating” production from price system.

Social Darwinism. 19C theory that social man is subject to the “survival of the fittest”.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

Social Security. First in Germany: 1883-89. UK 1911; Canada 1927; US 1935-66. Poor Laws. National Insurance.

Socialism. 19C-. Movement opposing Liberalism, Capitalism. Advocates equal rights, just distribution of property, well-being of proletariat through reform or revolution. Utopia.

Socialism, Utopian. Saint-Simon’s concept of government redistributing wealth according to capacity and performance.

Socialist Party. 1892 Italy; 1905 France; 1932 Japan. 1932 Canada.

Socialist Party. 1901-30. US party advocating socialism based on earlier Social Democratic and Social Labor (1876) Parties. Ideas applied to New Deal.

Socialist Revolutionary Party. 1901-22. Russia. Sought classless society. Suppressed by Bolsheviks.

Socinianism. 1550-19C Unitarian-like religious sect. Christ divine by function, not nature. 1658 Poland.

Socrates. c470-399BC. Greek philosopher. Knowledge is the key to influencing destiny. Ignorance leaves one subject to fate. Socratic method of teaching by dialog. Dialectic. Condemned for impiety and corrupting the young - drank hemlock. “Know thyself”.

Soddy, Frederick. 1877-1956. English chemist. Isotope theory.

Sodom. c1900BC. Biblical city destroyed for wickedness. Gomorrah.

Solomon. King of Israel c973-933BC. First Temple at Jerusalem. Biblical writings. Known for wisdom.

Solvay, Ernst. 1838-1922. Belgian chemist and philanthropist.

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. 1918-2008. Russian novelist. Expelled 1974. Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 1962. Gulag Archipelago 1973.

Somerset. 2nd duke. c1406-1455. English general. Lost English territory in France. Quarrel with Duke of York led to War of Roses.

Somme, Battle of the. WWI. 1916. Allied victory with 1M casualties, minor gain. First use of tank. 1918. German victory.

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