Roberval, Gilles de. 1602-75. French physicist: balance 1670. Geometry of curves.

Robespierre, Maximilien de. 1758-94. Jacobin extremist French revolutionary leader. Opposed Cult of Reason. Led Terror. Executed.

Rochester, 2nd Earl. 1647-80. English satiric poet. History of Insipids 1676. Maim’d Debauchée.

Rockefeller, John. 1839-1937. US oil millionaire, philanthropist.

Rockingham, 2nd Marquess. 1730-82. British Prime Minister. Tried to make peace with American colonies.

Rockwell, Norman. 1894-1978. US realistic painter of homey scenes. Saturday Evening Post covers.

Rococo. Art and Architecture 1720-70. Last stage of Baroque. Shell shaped motif in ornamentation. Dainty, graceful, ornate, smiling. Watteau. Boucher. Fragonard.

Roderick. -711. Last Visigoth king of Spain. Defeated by Saracens, killed.

Rodgers, Richard. 1902-79. US musical comedy composer. Oklahoma 1943. South Pacific 1949. Sound of Music 1959. Hart. Hammerstein.

Rodin, Auguste. 1840-1917. French sculptor: Thinker 1879-89. Balzac. Beethoven. Kiss 1886. Burghers of Calais 1884-6. Gates of Hell.

Roebling, John. 1806-69. US civil enginerer. First steel cable suspension bridges. Began Brooklyn Bridge.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Roger II. 1095-1154. Norman count of Sicily 1105-; First king 1130-54. Prosperity, culture.

Rogers, John. 1500-55. English Protestant martyr. Published forerunner of King James Bible.

Rogers, Will. 1879-1935. Home-spun US satirist.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Rolfe, John. 1585-1622. English colonist in Virginia. Married Pocahontas.

Rolland, Romain. 1866-1944. French writer Jean Christophe 1904-46.

Roman Catholic Church. 30-. Branch of Christianity recognizing Pope as successor to St Peter. East-West Schism. Eastern Orthodoxy. Protestantism.

Roman Empire. 27BC Augustus. 395 Split into Empire of the West and Eastern Roman Empire =Byzantine Empire. Rome.

Roman Question. 1861-1929. Italy vs Papacy over control of Rome. Lateran Treaty.

Romanov. Russian dynasty 1613-1917. Michael.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

Rome, Treaty of. 1957. Established EEC, Atomic Energy policy.

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