Old Testament. 10C BC. Hebrew portion of Bible. Apocrypha. Latin Vulgate.

Oldcastle, John. c1378-1417. English soldier. Lollard heretic leader. Model for Falstaff.

Oldenbarneveldt, Jan van. 1547-1619. Dutch statesman vs Spanish occupation. Negotiated Treaty of Utrecht.

Oldenburg. 1180 Independent. 1667 Denmark. 1773 Russia. 1777 Independent. 1834 Prussia. 1853 Zollverein. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Republic. 1945 West Germany.

Oleg. -c912. Varangian prince of Kiev, founded Rus state.

Olier, Jean-Jacques. 1608-57. French priest: founded company of St-Sulpice.

Oliva, Peace. 1660. Ended First Northern War.

Olivares, Conde de. 1587-1645. Spanish Prime Minister 1625-43. Policies of warfare, tax caused revolt.

Olmecs. c1150-800BC. Mexican Gulf coast civilization.

Olmütz, Treaty. 1850. Restored German Confederation under Austria.

Olympics, Modern. 1896 Athens. 1900 Paris. 1904 St. Louis. 1908 London. 1912 Stockholm. 1920 Antwerp. Summer: 1924 Paris. 1928 Amsterdam. 1932 Los Angeles. 1936 Berlin. 1948 London. 1952 Helsinki. 1956 Melbourne. 1960 Rome. 1964 Tokyo. 1968 Mexico City. 1972 Munich. 1976 Montreal. 1980 Moscow. 1984 Los Angeles. 1988 Seoul. 1992 Barcelona. 1996 Atlanta. 2000 Sydney. 2004 Athens. 2008 Beijing. Winter: 1924 Chamonix. 1928 St Moritz. 1932 Lake Placid. 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. 1948 St Moritz. 1952 Oslo. 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo. 1960 Squaw Valley. 1964 Innsbruck. 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo. 1976 Innsbruck. 1980 Lake Placid. 1984 Sarajevo. 1988 Calgary. 1992 Albertville. 1994 Lillehammer. 1998 Nagano. 2002 Salt Lake City. 2006 Torino. Olympia.

Oman. 1508 Portugal discovers. 1659 Turkey. 1741 Said dynasty. Zanzibar.

Omar. 581-644. Second Moslem caliph. Invaded Syria, Egypt, Persia. Established taxation.

Omnibus. 1829 London. 1904 Double decker. 1911 Last horse drawn bus.

Omri. -c872BC. King of Israel c884-. Established capital at Samaria.

Oñate, Juan de. -1630. Spanish explorer of southwest US.

Oneida Community. 19C US Perfectionist religious commune founded by Noyes....Oneida silver co.

Ontological Argument. God exists as the most perfect human conception.

Op art. 20C style incorporating optical illusion of movement. Vasarely. Riley.

Opera Buffa. = Comic Opera. Pergolesi.

Opium Wars. 1839-42 Hong Kong ceded to Britain. 1856-60. French, British force China to open trade, legalize opium. Demonstrated European weapon superiority. Nanking Treaty.

Oppenheimer, Robert. 1904-67. US atomic scientist. Led Manhattan Project.

Ops. Roman goddess of harvest, fertility. = Rhea.

Orange, House of. French dynasty influential in Netherlands. William I. William III.

Orange Free State. 1820 Boer colony. 1848 British. 1854 Independent. 1900 British. 1910 Union of South Africa. Boer War.

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