Mameluks. Egyptian slave bodyguards who formed 1250-1382 Bahrite, 1382-1517 Burjite dynasties. Overthrown by Turks. Ali Pasha.

Man in the Iron Mask. Anonymous Bastille prisoner 1698-1703.

Manchester School. 19C British free-trade movement. Cobden.

Manchu. 1644-1912. Chinese dynasty.=Ch’ing. 1682 united China.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Mandaeanism. Persian Gnostic sect revering John the Baptist. Fertility worship.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Manet, Édouard. 1832-83. French Pre-Impressionist painter. Olympia 1863. Déjeuner sur l’herbe 1863, triggered Impressionism. Folies-Bergères 1882. Monet.

Manichaeism. 240-6C. Dualist ascetic Persian religion founded by Mani (-274) combining Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity. Man’s spirit is good, body is evil. Albigens, Cathars, Paulician.

Manifest Destiny. 1840s. Justified US expansionism.

Mann, Horace. 1796-1859. US educator. Modern public education system.

Mann, Thomas. 1875-1955. German/US novelist. Opposed Nazism. Buddenbrooks 1900. Magic Mountain 1927. Death in Venice 1929. Dr Faustus.

Mann Act. 1910. US law prohibits transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Mannerheim Line. Eastern Finnish fortification. Crossed by Russians 1940.

Mannerism. 16C Exaggerated colorful painting style emphasizing craft, decorum. Palissy. Dürer. Cellini. Bruegel.

Manorial System. (Seignorial). 11-15C. Lord grants peasant rights to till land for fixed payment.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Mansfield, Katherine. 1888-1923. NZ/English short story writer.

Manson, Patrick. 1844-1922. Scottish parasitologist. Associated malaria with mosquito, 1894.

Mantegna, Andrea. 1431-1506. Mantuan. First Renaissance painter. Frescoes.

Mantua, Siege. 1796-7. Napoleon defeats Austria to rule Italy.

Manu. Hindu mythical first man, and law giver.

Mao Tse-tung. 1893-1976. Chinese Communist leader 1935-. Long March. Cultural Revolution.

Maoism. Revolutionary Communist ideology of Mao Tse-tung.

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