Antisthenes. c445-365BC. Greek philosopher. Founder of Cynics.

Antophon. c480-411BC. Athenian. First prof. orator.

ANZAC. Australian+New Zealand forces in WWI. Gallipoli.

ANZUS, Pact. 1951. Australia, NZ, US mutual defence in Pacific.

Apocrypha. 14 Books of the Old Testament excluded by Protestants and Jews.

Apollinarianism. 4C Christian heresy. Jesus not truly human because of his divine nature.

Apostles. 12 disciples of Jesus. Also, first missionary to a country.

Apostles’ Creed. 410. Widely-used affirmation of Christian faith.

Apostolic Constitutions. c380BC. Books of ecclesiastic law.

Appian of Alexander. 2C. Greek/Roman historian.

Appleton, Edward. 1892-1965. English physicist: Appleton ionospheric layer.

Apprentices Statute. 1563-1814 England. 7 Years apprenticeship required for all trades.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Aqua Appia. 312BC. First Roman aquaduct.

Aquila Ponticus. 2C. Translated Old Testament from Hebrew to Greek. Version adopted by Jews.

Aquinas, St Thomas. Thomas Aquinas, St.

Arab-Israeli Wars. 1948-9. Palestinians flee to Arab countries. 1956. Israel captures Sinai, UN takes over. 1967. Six Day War. Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, Jordan, gains Jerusalem, Sinai, Golan,... 1973. Egypt, Syria attack = October War.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arabesque. Style characterized by entwined vines, leaves.

Arafat, Yasir. 1929-2004. Arab Fatah PLO leader. President of Palestinian Authority 1996-.

Arago, François. 1786-1853. French astronomer and physicist. Magnetism, light.

Aragon. 2C BC Rome. 711 Moors. 1035 Independent kingdom. 1076 +Navarre. 1134 -Navarre. 1137 +Catalonia. 1238 +Valencia. 13C +Balearics, Murcia. 1479 +Castile =Spain. Ferdinand.

Aragon, Louis. 1897-1982. French Romantic poet + Communist.

Arai Hakuseki. 1657-1725. Japanese Confucian philosopher, statesman, historian.

Aranjuez, Revolt. 1808. Forced abdication of Charles IV (Spain) and dismissed Prime Minister.

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