Commonwealth, British. 1926-. Free association of autonomous countries. Evolved from the British Empire. Statute of Westminster 1931.

Commune. 1789-94. Paris council. Overode the National Assembly by controlling administration.

Communism. Collective ownership of property and industry. Wealth shared according to need. Eventually, “dictatorship of proletariat”.

Communist Manifesto. 1848. Marx and Engels call for Proletariat to control business and government.

Communist Party. USSR. 1918. Name adopted by Bolsheviks for Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Parties started in Britain, USA, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Germany soon after.

Comnenus. 1081-1185. Byzantine dynasty.

Compromise of 1850. Acts to prevent secession of US slave states.

Compte Rendu. 1781. Necker reveals pitiful state of French finances.

Compton, Arthur. 1892-1962. US physicist: C Effect, 1923.

Comte, Auguste. 1798-1857. French Positivist philosopher. Religion belongs to primitive society. Positivism 1830. Tejada Law.

Conceptualism. Reality has no objective existence; it is a concept in the mind. Abelard.

Concordat. Ecclesiastic treaty between church and state.

Concordat. 1801-1905. Regulation of French church instituted by Napoleon.

Condillac, Étienne de. 1715-80. French sensualist philosopher. Locke follower.

Confederation Group. 19C Canadian nationalistic poets. Carmen.

Confucius. 551-479BC. Chinese philosopher and moralist. Advocated reason, love and respect for others over supernatural. Chinese Exam. Wu Ching.

Congregationalism. 1581-. Protestant Church organization of local churches governing themselves. Browne.

Congress System. 1815-25. Diplomacy by regular meetings of Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Connecticut Compromise. 1787 Constitutional Convention. Bicameral US Congress.

Conquistadors. Spanish conquerors in America.

Conrad, Joseph. 1857-1924. Polish/English novelist emphasizing relations between people and circumstances. Lord Jim 1900. Heart of Darkness 1902.

Conrad I. -918. First non-Carolingian king of Germany 911-.

Conrad von Hotzendorf, Franz. 1852-1925. Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff, 1906~17.

Conscience, Hendrik. 1812-83. Romantic novelist; developed Flemish novel.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

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