Tupac Amaru. c1742-81. Peruvian Indian revolutionary vs Spanish rule 1780-1. Mutilated, drawn, quartered, beheaded.

Ultraismo. 1918-30. Spanish Symbolist poetry movement. Free verse, daring imagery.

Unamuno, Miguel de. 1864-1936. Spanish philosopher: Tragic Sense of Life 1913.

Utrecht, Treaties. 1713-14. Ended War of Spanish Succession. Austria gains Netherlands. France cedes Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay, Nova Scotia to England. Spain cedes Gibraltar, Minorca to England.

Utrecht, Union of. 1579. United Provinces alliance created vs Spanish rule in Netherlands.

Valdivia, Pedro de. 1498-1554. Spanish conqueror of Chile, 1450. Founded Santiago.

Vega Carpio, Lope Felix de. 1562-1635. “Father” of Spanish drama. 1800 plays. Italian form to Spanish poetry.

Velázquez, Diego. 1599-1660. Spanish Naturalist court painter. Old Woman Frying Eggs 1618. Coronation of the Virgin 1641. Philip IV 1644. Surrender of Breda. Borrachos. Venus and Mirror 1655.

Verona Congress. 1822. Last Holy Alliance congress. Authorized French intervention in Spanish revolution. British opposed intervention in New Spain. Failure of Congress System.

Vervins, Treaty. 1598. Spain withdraws support of French Catholic League. Ends Franco-Spanish War. Spanish acquisitions returned to France.

Victoria, Tomás Luis de. c1548-1611. Spanish composer. Pioneer of contrapuntal music. Requiem 1605.

Villars, duc de. 1653-1734. French Marshal. War of Spanish Succession. War of Polish Succession.

Western Sahara. Spanish Sahara. 1976-91 Mauritania, Morocco, Polisario Independence Front dispute. 1991- awaiting referendum.

Westphalia, Peace of. 1648. Conclusion of the Thirty Years War between Germany, France, and Sweden and Spanish-Dutch 80 Years War. Formal recognition of Swiss independence. Dutch independence. HRE weakened. Religious toleration. Confirmed Augsburg.

Wolf, Hugo. 1860-1903. Austrian poet/song writer. Subtle interweaving of piano and vocal based on German, Spanish, Italian poems.

Yerba Buena. 1776-1846. Spanish mission...San Francisco.

Zurbaran, Francisco de. 1598-1664. Spanish religious Baroque tenebrist painter. Monk 1630.

Zutphen, Battle. 1586. Spanish victory in Holland.

Abjuration, Act. 1581. Dutch declaration of independence from Spain. Republic 1588.

Angola. Bantu. 1482 Cao discovers.1641-8 Dutch. 1575 Portuguese colony. 1975 Independent.

Bali. c1000 Java. 1596 Dutch discover. 1906 Netherlands. WWII Japan occupies. 1950 Indonesia.

Batavian Republic. 1795-1806. = Netherlands.

Belgium. 150BC Celts. 51BC Rome. 3C Franks. 9C Lower Lorraine. 15C Burgundy. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1714 Austria. 1795 French. 1814 Austria. 1815 +Holland=United Netherlands. 1831 Independent kingdom. Neutrality guaranteed by Quintuple Treaty 1839. WWII Germans occupy. 1948 Benelux.

Benelux. 1948-93. Economic union of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg. EU.

British Virgin Is. Arawak. Carib. 1493 Columbus. 1555 Spain. 1648 Dutch. 1666 British settle. 1960 British Crown Colony.

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