Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Renaissance Architecture. Italy 15C-. England 1558-1702. Intellectual search for harmony with Roman and mathematical proportions. Michelangelo. Bramante. Brunelleschi. Manetti.

Reunion Is. 1513 Portugal discovers. 1638 French claim. 1665 French settle. 1810 British. 1814 French. 1947 French Overseas Department.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Ross, Betsy. 1752-1836. Seamstress. Traditional maker of first US flag.

Rousseau, Henri. Le Douanier. 1844-1910. Allegorical Expressionist painter. The Dream. Sleeping Gypsy 1897. Hungry Lion 1905.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Royal Hospital. 1685. Chelsea building by Wren.

Russo-Turkish Wars. 16-19C. Russia gains Black Sea to Balkans from crumbling Ottoman Empire in 10 wars. Assist Serb, Romanian independence. Crimean War.

Sao Tomé and Principe. 1470 Portugal discovers. 15C Convicts, exiled Jews settle. Important in slave trade. 1951 Portugal Overseas Province. 1975 Independent.

Scylla. Rock opposite Charybdis, danger to passing ships...mythical sea monster ate sailors.

Se Ami. Japanese No dramatist. Offering of the Flowers 1395.

Sea Lion, Operation. Battle of Britain.

Seaborg, Glenn. 1912-99. US chemist. Isolated plutonium, Atom bomb ingredient.

Sherman Silver Purchase Act. 1890-3. US increases silver purchases. Fears of gold standard abandonment started 1893 Panic.

Sirens. Greek sea nymphs, half bird, half woman. Song lured sailors onto rocks.

Sorbonne College. c1257. Founded by Robert de Sorbon. Seat of University of Paris.

St Laurent, Louis. 1882-1973 Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1948-57. St Lawrence Seaway. Old Age Security.

St Lawrence Seaway. Links Great Lakes with Atlantic shipping. 1952 Begun. 1959 Open.

St Pierre and Miquelon. 1635 French occupy. 17, 18C French, English dispute. 1814 French. 1947 French Overseas Territory.

Straisund, Treaty. 1370. Denmark makes commercial concessions to Hanseatic League.

Symplegades. Cyanean Rocks. Cliffs at entrance to Black Sea. Crushed ships until Jason and Argonauts slipped through.

Synge, John. 1871-1909. Irish poet, dramatist. Riders to the Sea 1904. Playboy of the Western World 1907.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Tallin. 1219 Danish fortress in Estonia. 1285 Hanseatic League. 1346 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Sweden. 1710 Russia. 1918 Estonia.

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