MacLennan, Hugh. 1907-90. Canadian writer of social + political conflict. Two Solitudes 1945. The Watch that Ends the Night 1959.

Maistre, Joseph de. 1753-1821. French moralist for Christianity, Absolutism vs progress. Spanish Inquisition 1837.

March on Rome. 1922. Mussolini’s planned Fascist insurrection. Facta resigned.

Maupeou, René. 1714-92. French chancellor dissolved Parlement 1771, creating absolute rule.

Mausolus. Persian Satrap c377-353BC. Tomb at Halicarnassus was one of Seven Wonders.

Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

Meiji. 1852-1912. Japanese Empire. 1867-. Modernization. New constitution. Abolished feudalism. Made Japan a world power. Ended isolationism. Tokugawa.

Mesolithic. c8000-2700BC. Middle stone age between Paleolithic, Neolithic.

Mestrovic, Ivan. 1883-1962. Croatian/US monumental sculptor. Belgrade mausoleum for unknown soldier.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Minutemen. American Revolution soldiers pledged to take the field on a minute’s notice.

Moissan, Henri. 1852-1907. French. Isolated flourine 1886. Electric furnace 1897.

Mussolini, Benito. Il Duce. 1883-1945. Italian Fascist dictator 1922-. Seized Abyssinia 1935. Allied with Germany WWII. Shot.

National Covenant. 1638. Oath to maintain Scottish Presbyterianism against Charles I episcopacy. 1638-90. Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland. 1643-67 Solemn League allied with Parliament in Civil War. 1647-supported Charles. 1661 illegal.

Nicaea, Council. 325. Debate of Athanasius and Arius resolved Nicene Creed, not Easter dates. 787. Temporarily resolved Iconoclasm.

Noguchi, Hideyo. 1876-1928. Isolated yellow fever microbe 1918.

Nordlingen, Battle. 1634. Sweden defeated, ending influence in S Germany. Heilbronn alliance dissolved.

Observatory, Paris. 1667-72. Claude Perrault. Dimensions of the solar system 1672, meridians of longitude. Sets Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Oedipus. Solved the riddle of the sphynx. Killed his father and married his mother.

Oldcastle, John. c1378-1417. English soldier. Lollard heretic leader. Model for Falstaff.

Orléans, Philippe II, duc d’. 1674-1723. French soldier Wars of Grand Alliance, Spanish Succession. Regent for Louis XV.

Palmyra. 19C BC. Syrian city “founded by Solomon”. 3C AD + Syria, Egypt. 273 Rome destroys.

Panay Incident. 1937. Japanese sink US gunboat in China. US restraint exemplified isolationism.

Paul I. 1754-1801. Russian Emperor. Reversed reforms, isolated Russia. Assassinated.

Paz, Octavio. 1914-98. Mexican poet. La estacíon violenta. Labyrinth of Solitude 1950.

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