Emmet, Robert. 1778-1803. Leader of failed Irish nationalist uprising. Executed.

Ems Dispatch. 1870. Bismarck alters telegram from Wilhelm, causing Franco-Prussian War.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.

Expressionism. 20C Literary style expressing essence of subject by exaggerating characteristics. Sounds and symbols. Joyce. Kafka. O’Neill. Woolf. Beckman.

Expressionism. 20C Simplified style of modern art expressing emotions with color and distortion. Munch. Toulouse-Lautrec. Van Gogh. Gauguin. Roualt.

Fair Deal. 1945,9. Truman’s program for jobs, housing, social insurance in US.

Faisal. 1906-75. Saudi king 1964-. Arab-Israeli War 1967. Assassinated by nephew Faisal.

Fatima. Portuguese site of pilgrimage since sighting of Virgin Mary by Santos1917.

Fauvism. 1898-1908. Violently colored and distorted painting expressing strong emotion. Matisse. Roualt. Puy.

Fifth Column. 1936. Fascists within besieged Madrid who assisted Franco’s attackers. Term generally applied to subversives since.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Fisher, St. John. 1469-1535. English Humanist scholar. Beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of church. More.

Fitzgerald, Edward. 1763-98. Irish rebel. Sought aid from France for 1798 uprising.

Francis Ferdinand. 1863-1914. Austrian archduke assassinated in Sarajevo, provoking WWI.

Gandhi, Indira. 1917-84. Indian Prime Minister 1966~84. Daughter of J. Nehru. Assassinated.

Gandhi, Mohandas. 1869-1948. Indian patriot and non-violent philosopher. Home Rule. Opposed Partition. Assassinated.

Garfield, James. 1831-81. American Civil War general, US President 1881. Assassinated.

Gdansk. (Danzig). 1308 Teutonic Knights. 1466-1793 Sole Polish port. 1919 Independent. (Nazi 1933-). 1939 Germans annex, causing WWII. 1945 Poland. Solidarity.

Gemayel, Amin. Lebanese President 1982-88 after brother, Bashir, president-elect, was assassinated.

George I. 1845-1913. Danish Prince William, chosen king of Greece 1863-. Assassinated.

German Movement. 18C Nationalist cultural movement. Lessing, Goethe, Schiller.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Gorgias. c400BC. Sophist. “Making the losing cause the winning one.”

Griffith, Arthur. 1872-1922. Founded Sinn Fein 1905. Irish President 1922.

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