Mantuan Succession, War. 1628-31. French fight Hapsburgs over Mantua in 30 Years War.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Maximilian I. The Great. 1573-1651. Duke of Bavaria. Founded Catholic League 1609. Thirty Years War.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz. 1927-. Polish Prime Minister 1989. First non-communist Prime Minister in Eastern Europe in 40 years.

Methusaleh. Biblical patriarch. Lived 969 years.

Neorealism, Italian. 1920-60. Literary movement supressed by Fascists. Moving autobiographical accounts of the war years. Quasimodo.

Oberammergau. 1634- Passion play every ten years commemorates plague of 1633.

Olympiad. Greek measure of time = 4 years.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Palatinate. 1156-. Region of south Germany ravaged during 30 Years War and War of Grand Alliance. Saar.

Prague, Peace of. 1635. Ends Swedish phase of Thirty Years War.

Republic French. 1792-1804 First. 1848-52 Second. Napoleon III. 1870-1940 Third. 1946-58. Fourth. 23 governments in 12 years. 1958-. Fifth. DeGaulle.

Simeon, St. c390-459. Syrian ascetic hermit. Spent 30 years on top of a pillar.

Soranus. 1-2C. Greek gynecologist. Described contraception. Dominated medicine 1500 years.

Ten Years’ War. 1868-78. Failed Cuban rebellion vs Spain. Virginius Affair.

Tewkesbury, Battle. 1471. Yorkists regain English throne for 12 years.

Thirty Years’ Peace. 445-415BC Ended First Peloponnesian War.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Tilly, Graf von. 1559-1632. Flemish commander of Catholic League in Thirty Years War.

Tours, Truce. 1444-49. Break in Hundred Years War.

Triennial Act. 1640. Charles I agrees to call parliament every 3 years. 1694. New election every 3 years.

Ulm, Treaty. 1647. France-Sweden truce with Bavaria in Thirty Years War.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Val-de-Grace. Paris. 1645-1667. Built by Anne of Austria to thank God for birth of Louis XIV after 23 childless years of marriage. Mansart.

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