Babylonian Captivity. 586-538BC. “70 Years” of Jewish exile by Nebuchadnezzar.

Blenheim, Battle. 1704. Bavaria. Marlborough’s victory in War of Spanish Succession. First French defeat in 50 years, saves Vienna.

Breitenfeld, Battles. 1631,42. Swedish victories over Catholic League in 30 Years War. Sweden a great power.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Castillon, Battle. 1453. Final English defeat in the Hundred Years War.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Dana, Richard. 1815-82. US writer. Two Years Before the Mast.

Defenestration of Prague. 1419. Hussites eject aldermen. 1618. Protestants throw regents out window. Begins Thirty Years War.

Edward III. 1312-77. King of England 1327-. Claimed crown of France, causing Hundred Years War.

Eighty Years War. 1568~1648. Netherlands wins indep from Spain.

Fifteen Years War. 1591-1606. Austria vs Turkey over Transylvania. Stopped Turkish expansion in Europe.

Fire of London. 1666. Four days. 87 churches. 13,200 houses. 100,000 homeless. Rebuilt in 10 years. 1136 fire was previously known as Great Fire of London.

French Wars. 1701-1815. Second Hundred Years War.

Froissart, Jean. c1333-1400. French Chronicles of the Hundred Years War 1391.

Galen. 129-c200. Greek doctor. Methods used 1000 years.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Garcia Iñiguez, Calixto. 1836-98. Cuban leader. Ten Years War. Spanish-American War.

Guesclin, Bertrand du. c1320-80. French military leader, 100 Years’ War. Expelled English from France.

Hong Kong. 1841 British. 1898 Leased from China for 99 years. 1997 China.

Hubertusburg Treaty. 1763. Prussia/Austria end 7 Years War. Prussia established as power.

Hundred Years War. 1337~1453. English defend claims to French throne. Crécy. Poitiers. Agincourt. Joan of Arc. English driven from continent, except Calais.

Isabella of Bavaria. 1371-1435. French Queen consort/regent 1389-1422. Recognized British heir to French throne. Treaty of Troyes. Hundred Years War.

Jacquerie Revolt. 1358. French peasants revolt vs tax increases to support Hundred Years War. Marcel.

John II. The Good. 1319-64. King of France 1350.- Hundred Years War. Captured at Poitiers, ransomed for 3M écus. Annexes SW France.

Magdeburg. 1631. German republic destroyed by Tilly in Thirty Years War.

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