Pahlavi, Reza Shah. 1877-1944. Army officer. Led coup over Kajar dynasty 1925. Shah of Iran 1925-41.

Paleologus. Byzantine dynasty 1259-1453. Ousted crusader kings. Defeated by Turks.

Panipat, Battles. 1526 Moguls defeat Afghans, establish dynasty. 1556 Moguls defeat Hindus. 1761 Afghans defeat Marathas.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Piast. 840-1370. Polish dynasty.

Plantagenet. 1154-1485. English dynasty. Lancaster, York. Angevins. Geoffrey.

Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

Provence. 6C BC Greeks settle. 121BC Rome. 5C Visigoth/Burgundy...Ostrogoth. 6C Frank. 1246 Angevin. 1486 France.

Ramathibodi I. 1312-69. Unified Siam. Founded Ayutthaya dynasty 1350-1767.

Romanov. Russian dynasty 1613-1917. Michael.

Rurik. -879. Varangian prince, First ruler of Russia. Dynasty ruled to1598.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

Safavids. 1501-1736. Moslem dynasty. Led Persia to power. Established Shi’a Islam as state religion.

Saladin. 1138-93. Egyptian sultan 1169-. Took Jerusalem, 1187, inciting Third Crusade. Began Ayyubid Dynasty.

Salians. Dynasty. Ruled HRE 1024-1125. Investiture Controversy with pope.

Samanids. 819-999. Persian native dynasty. Flourishing of arts.

Sargon of Akkad. Mesopotamian king c2334-2279BC. Conquered Sumer, founded First Semitic dynasty.

Sassanids. 224-. Last Persian dynasty before Moslem conquest 637-51.

Savoy. 1034- Noble dynasty of France, Switzerland. Italian kings 1861-1946.

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. German dynasty includes Belgian Leopold I 1831-; Albert, Prince-Consort, England. 1840-; Ferdinand, Prince-Consort, Portugal. 1836-; Prince of Bulgaria 1887-1946.

Seljuks. 1075-1242. Turkish dynasty ruled Caliphate Empire. Attacks vs Byzantines led to Crusades. Nucleus for Ottoman Empire.

Sforza, Francesco I. 1401-66. Founder of Milanese dynasty 1450-1535.

Shang. c1766-c1122BC. Chinese dynasty. Earliest verified by archeological evidence. = Yin.

Shu Han. 221-264. Western China dynasty. Conquered by Wei.

Sung. 960-1279. Chinese dynasty. Reform, prosperity, culture, movable type, paper currency.

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