Berzelius, Jacob. 1779-1848. Swedish chemist, created symbolic notation 1808. Atomic Weights, 1818. Silicon 1823.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Bichat, Xavier. 1771-1802. French anatomist. “Life is the sum of the forces that restrict death.”

Bohr, Niels. 1885-1962. Danish atomic physicist. Electron quantum levels, 1913.

Born, Max. 1882-1970. German/British quantum physicist. Mathematics of atom behavior.

Bosnia and Herzegovina. Balkans. 1180 Independent Kingdom. 1350 +Hum (Herzegovina). 1463 Ottoman. 1878 Austria-Hungary. 1797 France. 1805 Russia. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1946 Communist. 1992 Independent. 1993 Yugoslav Serbs invade. 1995 Dayton Accord.

Bosnian Rebellion. 1875 vs Ottomans led to Serbo-Turkish War.

Bulgaria. Balkans. 7C Bulgar Empire. 1018 Byzantine. 1185 2nd Bulgar Empire. 1396 Ottoman. 1878. Independent kingdom. 1946 People’s Republic. 1991Republic.

Bulgarian Horrors. 1876. Brutal Ottoman suppression of uprising. 15,000 killed in reprisals.

Byzantine Empire. 395-1453. Eastern Roman Empire. Reduced by: 634 Caliphate Empire, 1042 Seljuks, 1204 Crusaders’ Latin Empire, 1453 Ottoman Empire.

Campanella, Tommaso. 1568-1639. Italian monk, philosopher. City of the Sun 1602 parallels Plato’s Republic.

Canova, Antonio. 1757-1822. Venetian graceful Neoclassical sculptor. Tomb of Clement XIII. Orpheus 1779. Daedalus 1779. 3 Graces 1815.

Carlowitz, Treaty. 1699. Ottoman/Holy League. Austria gains Transylvania, Hungary.

Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Citroën, André. 1878-1935. French Industrialist, automobile company.

Corinth. 1350BC “Founded by Sisyphus”. 243BC Achaean League. 146 Rome destroys, rebuilds 46BC. Byzantine. 1458 Ottoman. 1687 Venice. 1715 Ottoman 1822 Greece.

Crete. c6100BC Knossos civilization. 3500BC Minoan. 1100BC Greek 67BC Rome. 826 Saracen. 960 Byzantine. 1205 Venice. 1669 Ottoman. 1912 Greece. 1941-45 Germany occupies.

Croatia. Balkans. 812 Croatia. 1089 +Hungary. 1527 Ottoman/Hapsburg. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1920 +Dalmatia. 1941 Independent. 1945 Yugoslavia. 1992 Independent Republic.

Cuvier, Georges. 1769-1832. French creator of comparative anatomy and paleontology.

Daimler, Gottlieb. 1834-1900. German. Gasoline engine, 1885. Automobile, 1886. Benz. Maybach.

Democritus. c460-c370BC. Greek philosopher. Atomic theory of matter. Separate mind. Man’s goal is happiness and tranquility.

Duryea, Charles. 1861-1938. US inventor. Pneumatic tires, spray carburetor. First US automobile 1893.

Egypt. 3100BC Menes unites. 2780 Old Kingdom. 2600 First pyramid. 2040 Middle Kingdom. 1570 New Kingdom. 663 Assyria. 525 Persia. 332 Alexander...323 Ptolemy. 30BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 642 Moslem. 1250 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1798 Napoleon. 1805 Ottoman. 1882 British occupy. 1914 British protectorate. 1922 Indepedent monarchy. 1952 Coup. 1953 Republic. 1958-61 UAR.

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