Popular Sovereignty. 1850s. US territories could join Union as free or slave states. Bleeding Kansas.

Porte St-Martin. Paris. 1674. Commemorates the capture of Besançon.

Portugal. Iberians, Celts. 5-4C BC Greek colony. c225BC Carthage(S). 2C BC Rome. 411 Suevi. 5C Visigoth. 711 Moor. 868 Christian(N). c1060 León. 1143 Independent kingdom. 1250 Moors expelled. 1500 +Brazil. 1580 Spain. 1640 Independent. 1820 Constitutional Monarchy. 1822 -Brazil. 1910 Republic. 1932 Salazar dictator. 1976 Democracy.

Portuguese Guinea. Guinea-Bissau.

Pottawatomie Massacre. 1856. John Brown’s abolitionists kill 5 pro-slavery settlers.

Pound, Ezra. 1885-1972. US poet/translator of Oriental and Provençale poetry. Pisan Cantos. Pro-Fascism led to incarceration in an asylum 1946-58.

Poussin, Nicolas. 1594-1665. French Neoclassical painter. Strong pictorial emotional works. Arcadian Shepherds 1638/55. Rape of the Sabines 1636-7.

Powhatan War. 1622-44. Indians attack settlers in Virgina, Maryland. Reprisals nearly wipe out tribe.

Praetorius, Michael. 1571-1621. German choral composer. Musae Sioniae 1605-10. Syntagma Musicum 1615-19.

Pragmatic Sanction. 1713. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI declares Maria Theresa as heir causing War of Austrian Succession.

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges. 1438-61. France limits power of pope.

Prasad, Rajendra. 1884-1963. First president of Indian Republic 1950-62.

Predestination. Christian doctrine that God has pre-ordained who will be saved. Calvinism.

Pretorius, Andries. 1798-1853. Boer leader of Great Trek. Aided in Transvaal independence.

Prim y Prats, Juan. 1814-70. Spanish. Helped overthrow Isabella 1868.

Primitivism. Naive art by primitive peoples, children, or as an adopted style. Rousseau. Grandma Moses.

Privatization. 1980s. Sale to public of government enterprises. Nationalization.

Proletariat. Marxist term for those who live by the sale of their labour. Bourgeoisie.

Prophet. Old Testament Hebrew spiritual leader, divinely inspired spokesperson. Muhammad, Moses, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Jesus.

Protestantism. Christian doctrine based on faith instead of church dispensations. Reformation. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Luther.

Psamtik I. -610BC. Pharaoh 664-. Reunited Egypt. Ended Assyrian rule.

Ptolemy XV. Caesarion. 47-30BC. Egyptian king 44-. Son of Caesar and Cleopatra. Killed by Octavian.

Public Safety, Committee. 1793-4. Ruled France during Terror.

Pufendorf, Samuel von. 1632-94. German historian/jurist. Universal natural laws.

Pugachov, Yemelyan. 1726-75. Russian. Led peasant rebellion vs serfdom 1773-5, impersonating Peter III.

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