Swift, Jonathon. 1667-1745. Anglo-Irish satirist writer. Gulliver’s Travels 1726.

Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.

Symons, Arthur. 1865-1945. British Symbolist poet.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Taira. 9C-1185. Powerful Japanese samurai clan..

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Tallage. -14C. Feudal tax on vassals by Lords.

Tanganyika. Bantu. 18C Masai. 18-19C Slave source. 1871 Stanley, Livingstone. German East Africa. 1919 British mandate = Tanganyika. 1946 United Nations Trust. 1961 Independent. 1962 Republic. 1964 +Zanzibar=Tanzania. Nyerere.

Tarkovsky, Andrei. 1932-86. Russian poetic filmmaker. Stalker. Sacrifice.

Tarpeian Rock. Rome. Tarpeia, who betrayed Rome to Sabines is buried beneath. Traitors thrown to death from it.

Tasso, Torquato. 1544-95. Italian poet. Jerusalem Liberated 1581.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Telegraph. 1794 France Semaphore. 1795 England Shutter. 1835 Morse. 1851 London-Paris. 1901 Transatlantic.

Telstar. 1962. First satellite TV between North America, Europe. First public telephone by satellite.

Temperance Movement. 1808 Begun in NY by women and churches. 1874 WCTU. 1890 Carry Nation. 1893 Anti-Saloon League. Prohibition.

Temple of Jerusalem. First: 957BC. Solomon. Destroyed 586BC by Nebuchadnezzar. Rebuilt 515BC.

Ten Commandments. Decalogue. Laws God gave Moses on stone tablets. Fundamental to Judaism/Christianity/Islam. No other gods, idols, swearing. Remember the sabbath. Honor parents. Do not kill, commit adultery, steal, bear false witness, covet.

Ten Thousand, Expedition of. 401BC. Xenophon leads Persian-paid Greek mercenaries out of Iraq.

Ten Thousand Immortals. Core of Achaemenid army.

Ten Years’ War. 1868-78. Failed Cuban rebellion vs Spain. Virginius Affair.

Teotihuacan. c400BC-900 AD. Largest pre-Columbian city of central Mexico. Sacked by Toltecs.

Teresa, Mother. 1910-97. Macedonian founder of Missionaries of Charity, 1948.

Teresa, St. 1515-82. Spanish Carmelite religious reformer.

Terrorism. Zealots. Cagoulards. Baader-Meinhof. Irish Republican Army. Hamas. PLO. Osama. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

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