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Tour d’Argent. Paris restaurant where Henry IV learned the use of the fork.
Tours, Battle. 732. = Poitiers.
Tours, Truce. 1444-49. Break in Hundred Years War.
Toussaint L’Ouverture, Francois. c1743-1803. Haitian rebel. Helped French expel Britain, Spain. Emancipated slaves. Established black governed French protectorate.
Tower of London. 1066- Palace for William I. Used as prison and garrison at later dates. White Tower 1078.
Townshend Act. 1767-70. Reasserted English authority in American colonies. Import duties.
Towton, Battle. 1461. York victory in War of Roses. Henry VI fled England. Edward IV took crown.
Toynbee, Arnold. 1852-83. English economist, social reformer on behalf of the working class. The Industrial Revolution 1884.
Toynbee, Arnold J. 1889-75. English historian on the cyclicality of civilizations. Study of History 1934-61.
Trabzon Empire. 1204-1461. Independent Byzantine Empire after fall of Constantinople. Defeated by Ottomans.
Tractarian Movement. Oxford Movement. 1833- Named after Tracts for the Times. Condemned at Oxford 1841.
Trade Disputes Act. 1906. British unions immune from suits against members’ activities.
Trade Unions. Legalized: 1824 Britain. 1834 France. 1869 Germany. 1875 British legalized picketing.
Trades Union Congress. TUC. 1868. Organization of British unions sponsoring Labour Party. ICFTU.
Trafalgar, Battle. 1805. Nelson’s victory over the French and Spanish fleets. British naval superiority secured. Nelson killed. Ends Napoleon’s plans to invade England.
Trajan. 53-117. Spanish Roman Emperor 98-. First bridge across Danube. Column 106. Aqueduct 109. Extended Suez Canal.
Trams. 1832 NY. 1853 Paris. 1861 London. 1891 Leeds electric.
Transcendental Meditation. Based on Vedas. Modern movement established by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 1958.
Transcendentalism. 1835-55. US philosophy. Man’s divinity and goodness. Insight over logic. Opposed to authority. Thoreau. Emerson. Channing.
Transcontinental Treaty. 1819. Spain renounces Florida, Oregon to US. Keeps Texas.
Transjordan. 1921-46 Emirate. 1946-49 Kingdom = Jordan.
Transkei. Bantu territory of South Africa. 1962 Self government. 1976 Independence recognized, but only by South Africa.
Transportation. Removal of criminals to a distant place. 1783-1868 British send 160,000 to Australia. 1854-1946. French send to French Guiana. 1710- Russia banishes to Siberia.
Transvaal. Bantu. 1836 Boers settle. Great Trek. 1855 South African Republic. 1877 British. 1881 Self-government. 1900 British. 1907 Self-governed. 1910 Union of South Africa.