Paul IV. Pope 1555-9. Curtailed corruption. Roman Inquisition. Created Jewish ghetto in Rome 1555.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pauli, Wolfgang. 1900-58. Austrian/US physicist. Exclusion Principle 1925. Neutrinos 1931.

Paulicians. 7-11C. Heretical Gnostic dualistic Christian sect.

Pauling, Linus. 1901-94. US biochemist/peace advocate. Chemical bonding.

Paullus, Aemilius. 229-160BC. Roman victor at Pydna, 168BC. Ended Macedonian War.

Pausanius. Spartan. Drove Persians from Greece at Plataea, 479BC. Starved to death for plotting helot uprising.

Pausanius. c143-76. Lydian traveller, guidebook writer. Descriptions of Greece.

Pavia, Battle. 1525. Holy Roman Empire defeats France. Madrid Treaty.

Pavia, Battle. 476. Odoacer defeats Romans, ending Western Roman Empire.

Pavia, Siege. 773-4. Charlemagne defeats Lombards.

Pavlov, Ivan. 1849-1936. Russian physiologist: discovered conditioned response.

Pavlova, Anna. 1849-1931. Russian ballerina.

Pax. Roman goddess of peace.

Pax Romana. 27BC-193. Period of Roman peace and prosperity begun by Augustus.

Paxton, Joseph. 1801-65. English architect. Crystal Palace 1851.

Paz, Octavio. 1914-98. Mexican poet. La estacíon violenta. Labyrinth of Solitude 1950.

Pazzi Conspiracy. 1478. Failed attempt to depose Medicis in Florence.

Peacock, Thomas. 1785-1866. English witty satirical novelist: Nightmare Abbey.

Peacock Throne. Seized 1739 in Delhi by Nader Shah. Taken to Iran. Original lost.

Pearl Harbor. 1941 Japanese surprise attack. US, Japan enter WWII.

Pearse, Patrick. 1879-1916. Irish patriot. Led Easter Rebellion 1916. Executed.

Pearson, Lester. 1897-1972. Canadian Prime Minister 1963-8. UN mediator in Palestine 1948, Suez 1956.

Peary, Robert. 1856-1920. US explorer. First to North Pole 1909.

Peasants’ Crusade. 1096. Led by Walter the Penniless. Annihilated in Anatolia. Inspired First Crusade.

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