Momus. Greek personification of ridicule, humiliation.

Monaco. 10C BC Phoenicia. 5C BC Phocean. Rome. 9C Saracen. 1191 Genoa. 1297 Grimaldi family. 1524 Spanish protectorate. 1641 French protectorate. 1792 French. 1815 Sardinia.1861 Grimaldi, French protectorate. Will revert to France when no male heir.

Monarchianism. 190-3C. Christian Adoptionist heresy. God and Jesus are one being.

Monasticism. Seeking of spiritual perfection by living apart from society.

Mondrian, Piet. 1872-1944. Dutch neoplastic abstract De Stijl movement painter. Composition with Yellow and Blue 1929. New York City 1943.

Monet, Claude. 1840-1926. Originator of Impressionist open-air painting direct from nature. Impression Sunrise 1872. Nymphéas 1906-26.

Monge, Gaspard. 1746-1818. French creator of descriptive geometry 1780.

Mongol Empire. Asia. Established 1207 by Genghis Khan. Peak included Persia, China, Russia. 1260- Fragmented. Yuan. Golden Horde. Tamerlane.

Mongolia. 13C Empire. 1686 China (Manchu). Outer Mongolia: 1913 Independent. 1921 Communist revolution. 1924 People’s Republic. Inner Mongolia: «China.

Monmouth, James. 1649-85. Illegitimate son of Charles II. Rye House Plot 1683. Beheaded after rebellion.

Monmouth’s Rebellion. 1685. vs James II at Sedgemoor. Unsuccessful.

Monnet, Jean. 1888-1979. French economist. “Father of Common Market”.

Monophysitism. 4C- Heretical Christian doctrine. Jesus has single divine nature. Coptics. Monothelitism. Nestorianism. Dualism. Chalcedon.

Monopolies. 1597- Granted by English crown. Abolished by Parliament 1624, 39.

Monotheism. Religious doctrine holding that there is only one God.

Monothelitism. 622-713. Christian heresy. Jesus had human and divine natures but only divine will. Monophysitism.

Monroe, James. 1758-1831. US President 1817-25. Florida acquired 1819. Missouri Compromise. Monroe Doctrine.

Monroe Doctrine. 1823. No interference by Europe in Western Hemisphere. No US interference in Europe.

Mons, Battle. WWI. 1914. Germans defeat British.

Montagnards. 1792-5. French revolutionary extremists led by Robespierre. Terror. Plain.

Montagu-Chelmsford Report. 1919. Basis of India Act.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montanism. 156-9C. Montanus’ ascetic Christian movement of illuminati expecting the Millenium.

Montcalm, Louis. 1712-59. French general killed defending Quebec against the English. Seven Years War.

Monte di Pietà. 1463. Italian institute to lend money to poor at low interest.

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