Lourdes. 1858. Virgin Mary appears to Soubirous.

Louvois, Marquis de. 1639-91. Louis XIV War Minister. Reformed army. Enforced Nantes revocation. Supervised construction of Invalides, Vendôme.

Louvre. 1204 fortress. Charles V library. 1527 new palace by Lescot. 1793 converted to museum. Venus de Milo. Mona Lisa.

Love Generation. 1960-9. Term applied to hippies who rejected past values for instant pleasures of drugs and music.

Low, David. 1891-1963. British caricaturist. Colonel Blimp.

Low Countries. Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands.

Lowell, Percival. 1855-1916. US astronomer. Predicted Pluto 1905 (erroneously). PL of Pluto name after him. Studied Mars’ “canals” 1906. Schiaparelli.

Loyalists. United Empire Loyalists.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Lubbock, John. English MP. Bank Holidays Act 1871.

Lübeck. 1386-1669. Headquarters of Hanseatic League.

Lucan. 39-65. Roman poet. Conspired vs Nero. Bellum Civile.

Luce, Henry. 1898-1967. US publisher. Founded Time 1923, Fortune 1930, Life 1936, Sports Illustrated 1954.

Lucian. c120-80. Greek satirist. Dialogues of the Dead.

Lucifer. =Satan.

Lucillius, Caius. 180-102BC. Poet. Originated Latin satire.

Luckner, Felix. 1886-1966. German naval officer. Attacked commercial vessels in WWII.

Lucretius. 99-55BC. Roman poet: De rerum natura, advocating moral truth without religious belief.

Luddites. 1811-16. Workers who destroyed machines to stop the Industrial Revolution. Led by mythical Ned Ludd.

Ludlow, Battle. 1459. War of Roses. York, Warwick routed by Lancastrians.

Ludwig, King. = Louis.

Lukács, György. 1885-1971. Hungarian Marxist writer: History of Class Conscioussness 1923.

Luke, St. 1C Author of third Gospel.

Lukin, Lionel. 1742-1834. English inventor of first safe life boat 1785.

Lully, J-B. 1632-87. Composer who developed French Opera overture styles. Armide 1686.

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