Gregory VII (Hildebrand), St. 1020-85. Pope 1073-. Condemned lay investiture 1075. Henry IV appoints Anti-Pope Clement III, attacked Rome, 1081-3.

Gregory IX. -1241. Pope 1227-. Organized Inquisition 1231.

Gregory of Nyssa, St. 335-95. Father of Greek church.

Gregory of Tours, St. c538-94. French bishop. Wrote History of the Franks.

Grenada. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1651 French colony. 1763 English. 1876 Crown Colony. 1958 Fed of West Indies. 1967 Self-government. 1983 US invades to prevent Marxist insurrection.

Grenadier Guards. 1656.

Grenville, George. 1712-70. British Prime Minister 1763-65. Revenue Act. Stamp Act.

Grenville, William. 1759-1834. British statesman. Ministry of All Talents 1806-7. Abolished Slave Trade, 1807.

Gresham, Thomas. 1519-79. English founder of Stock Exchange 1560. Gresham’s Law-“Bad money drives out good” (mistakenly attributed).

Gretna Green. 1754-1940. Scottish border village popular for runaway marriages.

Grey, Edward. 1862-1933. British statesman. Triple Alliance. Treaty of London.

Grey, Lady Jane. 1537-54. English Queen for 9 days, 1553. Executed.

Grieg, Edvard. 1843-1907. Norwegian “miniaturist” composer: Peer Gynt 1875. Gentle and appealing music.

Griffith, Arthur. 1872-1922. Founded Sinn Fein 1905. Irish President 1922.

Griffiths, D.W. 1875-1948. US filmmaker. First visual effects. Birth of a Nation 1915.

Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Grimké, Sarah and Angelina. 1792-1873; 1805-79. US feminists, abolitionists.

Grimm, Wilhelm. 1786-1859, Jacob 1785-1863. German writers of fairy tales 1812, founders of the German philology.

Gringo. 1847. Mexican pejorative for American. From “Green grow the rushes, oh”, sung during Mexican War.

Griquas. Bastards. 19C Tribe of Hottentot-Boer half-castes.

Gris, Juan. 1887-1927. Spanish Cubist painter. Guitar, Book and Newspaper 1920.

Griselda. Italian wife whose patience was tested by her husband, without complaint.

Groat. 1351-1662. British 4p coin.

Gropius, Walter. 1883-1969. German architect. Bauhaus director. Modern horizontal buildings, glass walls.

Gros, Antoine. 1771-1835. French painter of Napoleon’s military career.

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