Zabern Affair. 1913. Riots caused by German military rule in Alsace-Lorraine.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Zinoviev, Grigori. 1883-1936. Russian triumvir with Stalin, Kamenev 1919-26. Executed in Purge. COMINTERN chairman 1919-.

Aggression. 1974 UN Definition-Use of armed force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state.

American Expeditionary Force. US forces in WWI.

ANZAC. Australian+New Zealand forces in WWI. Gallipoli.

Aranjuez, Revolt. 1808. Forced abdication of Charles IV (Spain) and dismissed Prime Minister.

Araucanian Wars. 1530-1870. Chile, Argentina. Natives forced onto reservations.

Arms, Assize of. 1181. Forced Brit. free men to acquire arms.

Bataan Death March. 1942. Japanese force 60 mile march; 54 of 70,000 prisoners arrive.

Benevolences. 1473-1689. Forced ’loans’ to English monarchs.

Bergson, Henri. 1859-1941. Philosopher. Creative Evolution 1907. The life force. Vitalism.

Bichat, Xavier. 1771-1802. French anatomist. “Life is the sum of the forces that restrict death.”

Bishops’ Wars. 1639. Scots vs Charles’ Anglicanism. 1640. Covenanters force Charles to call Long Parliament.

Black Army. 1463-1500. Powerful Hungarian mercenary force.

Bonaparte, Louis. 1778-1846. King of Holland 1806-10. Forced to abdicate after opposing Continental System. Napoleon’s brother.

Bonus Army. 1932. US WWI vets march to demand accelerated bonus payment. Dispersed by force.

Boston, Siege. 1775-6. US force British to evacuate.

Brabant Revolution. 1789-90. Belgians vs Hapsburgs. Crushed by Austrian forces.

Byng, Julian. 1862-1935. British General. Commanded Canadian forces, captured Vimy Ridge 1917. Canadian Governor General 1921-6.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Clapham Sect. 1790-1830. Wilberforce’s social reformers and missionaries.

Coup d’État. Overthrow of existing government by force.

Encomienda. 16-18C Spanish system of Indian forced labour.

FBI. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1908-. US indep. federal police force. Hoover.

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