Rudolf. 1858-89. Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne. Died mysteriously. Declared a suicide.

Salamis, Battle. 480BC. Greek naval victory over superior Persian fleet.

Samurai. 11C-1868. Japanese warriors. Basis of Shogun power.

Sauvage, Nicolas. French. Invented cabriolet taxi 1660.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

Schelling, Friedrich. 1775-1854. German Idealist philosopher. -’artist is superior to thinker’.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Shrewsbury, Duke of. 1660-1718. English. Influenced Glorious Revolution, Hanoverian succession.

Silver Age. c14-130. Roman literary period.

Six Dynasties. 220-589. Chinese period. Buddhism, Taoism, technical developments. Tea. Gunpowder.

Slavophile. 19C Russian intellectual movement. Believed in superiority of Russian culture.

Soweto. 1976 Violent riots in Black South Africa township over compulsory Afrikaans in schools. 236-600 dead.

Stavisky Affair. 1933-4. French scandal. Fraudulent bonds sold. Belief in government corruption causes riots.

Stone Age. Period before use of metal tools. Date varies by region: Near east -c3500BC Paleolithic. Neolithic.

Sture, Sten. 1440-1503. Swedish patriot, regent 1470~1503. Opposed Kalmar Union. Defeated Christian I, deposed John in Sweden.

Tibet. 7C-838 Buddhist kingdom. 9C Divided. 1247 Mongol. 14C Yellow Hats established. 1642 5th Dalai Lama becomes ruler. 1715 Chinese suzerainty. 1792 Closed to foreigners. 1951 Autonomous within China. 1959 China crushes revolt. 1987~9 Riots vs Chinese rule.

Tokugawa. 1603-1868. Japanese Shogun dynasty. =Edo Period. Isolationist. Genroku arts of “floating world”.

Toltec. 9-13C. C. Mexican urban warrior peoples. Sun worshippers. Defeated by Aztecs.

Tonypandy Riots. 1910. Police control striking coal miners. Cavalry held in reserve by Churchill.

Trafalgar, Battle. 1805. Nelson’s victory over the French and Spanish fleets. British naval superiority secured. Nelson killed. Ends Napoleon’s plans to invade England.

Uesugi. 15C-1868. Japanese warrior clan ruling Honshu. Samurai.

Upper Canada. 1791-1841. 1841 «Province of Canada. 1867 =Ontario.

Utrillo, Maurice. 1883-1955. Montmartre painter. Sacre Coeur 1937. White Period 1908-14.

Valhalla. Scandinavian banquet hall for slain warriors. Odin.

Vermeer, Jan. 1632-75. Dutch painter, portraying domestic interiors. Procuress 1656. Soldier and Laughing Girl. Letter 1660.

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