Jacob. Old Testament. 3rd patriarch of 12 tribes of Israel. Grandson of Abraham. Son of Isaac. God changed name to Israel.

Jacquemart de Hesdin. Court painter: Grandes Heures du Duc de Berry 1409.

King William’s War. 1689-97. Britain vs France in North America. War of Grand Alliance. First French-Indian War.

Langhans, Carl. 1732-1808. German architect. Brandenburg Gate 1789.

Leda. Spartan Queen. Mother of Helen, Castor, Pollux.

Léger, Fernand. 1881-1955. French painter. Modernist mechanistic forms of solid colors. Femme au Livre 1923. Grande Parade 1954.

Legion of Honour. French national order instituted by Napoleon, 1802. Five ranks: Grands Croix, Grands Officiers, Commandeurs, Officiers, Chevaliers.

Leucippus. -440BC. Greek philosopher. Atomism. “Nothing occurs at random”.

Liutprand. Powerful Lombard King, 712-44. Law code.

Lloyd Webber, Andrew. 1948-. British composer of popular musicals. Jesus Christ, Superstar 1971. Evita 1978. Cats 1981. Phantom of the Opera.

Mansart, Jules Hardouin-. 1646-1708. French architect, city planner. Dome Church 1677. Grand Trianon 1687. Place de Vendôme.

Miramon, Miguel. 1832-67. Mexican general. Grand Marshal to Maximilian.

Miranda, Francisco de. 1750-1816. Venezuelan rebel. Dictator 1811-12.

Miranda Decision. 1966. US Supreme Court protects rights vs self-incrimination. Required police warning, “You have the right to remain silent...”.

Mitterand, François. 1916-96. Socialist president of France, 1981-95. Promoted European unity.

Molay, Jacques de. 1243-1314. Last Grand Master of the Order of Templars. Burned.

Moses, Anna. “Grandma”. 1860-1961. US folk artist. Began painting in her 70s.

Neville, Ralph. 1364-1425. Aided Henry IV vs Richard II. Grandfather of Edward IV and Richard III.

Obed. Biblical son of Ruth and Boaz. Grandfather of David.

Objectivism. 20C philosophy of Ayn Rand. Egoism. One should act in self-interest. Altruism is a weakness.

Orléans, Philippe II, duc d’. 1674-1723. French soldier Wars of Grand Alliance, Spanish Succession. Regent for Louis XV.

Palatinate. 1156-. Region of south Germany ravaged during 30 Years War and War of Grand Alliance. Saar.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Prandtl, Ludwig. 1875-1953. German “father” of aerodynamics.

Primitivism. Naive art by primitive peoples, children, or as an adopted style. Rousseau. Grandma Moses.

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