Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

Cerceau, Jacques Androuet du. c1520-85. Optical Views 1551, treatise on architectural perspective.

Cervantes, Miguel de. 1547-1616. Spanish writer: Don Quixote 1605.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Chang Ch’ien. -114BC. Chinese explorer to India, Bactria.

Ch’ang O. Chinese moon goddess.

Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

Chapman, George. c1559-1634. English poet, playwright: Bussy d’Ambois 1607. Translated Homer.

Charles, Jacques. French physicist, launched early hydrogen balloon 1783 with Robert. Gas Law V=kT 1798.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Château Clique. Small merchant group dominated government of Lower Canada to 1830s.

Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Chesterton, G.K. 1874-1936. English satirical essayist/novelist: Napoleon of Notting Hill 1904. “Socialism aims to take capital out of the hands of the few and put it into the hands of the fewer-the politicians.”

Chiang Ch’ing. 1914-91. Chinese radical. Mao’s wife. Gang of Four.

Chikamatsu, Monzaemon. 1653-1724. Japanese playwright. “The Shakespeare of Japan”.

Childs. Britain. First cheques 1761.

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