Capek, Karel. 1890-1938. Czech playwright. Rossum’s Universal Robots. -coined term 1920.

Capernaum. Jesus’ second home and site of miracles.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Capote, Truman. 1924-84. US novelist. Breakfast at Tiffany’s 1958. In Cold Blood 1965.

Capua. (Modern). Founded 856. «Kingdom of Naples.

Caran d’Ache. 1858-1909. Russian/French humorist, cartoonist.

Carib. Warlike natives of Amazon Basin. 15C conquered Arawak. Cannibals. Decimated by disease. St Vincent.

Carlists. 1820-1937. Supporters, especially Basque, of Don Carlos’ claims vs Isabella under Salic Law.

Carloman. 751-771. Charlemagne’s brother and co-ruler.

Carlyle, Thomas. 1795-1881. Scottish writer: Heroes and Hero Worship 1841. Cromwell’s Letters 1845. -“Britain-the chosen nation”.

Carmathians. 890-10C. Moslem reform sect. Kidnaped and ransomed Stone of Ka’bah 930-950.

Carnot, Lazare. 1753-1823. French mathematician. Called “organizer of victory” by Revolutionaries. Member of Directory, Tribunal. Instituted conscription.

Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste. 1827-75. Neo-Baroque Paris sculptor. La Danse 1869.

Carracci, Annibale. 1560-1609. It Baroque painter. Palazzo Farnese frescoes 1599-1601.

Carthusians. 1084. Strict order of monks founded by St Bruno. Inventors of Chartreuse liqueur.

Cartier, Jacques. 1491-1557. French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River 1534.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Cassander. c354-297BC. Macedonian King. Fought for control after Alexander’s death. Diadochi.

Cassiopeia. Andromeda’s mother.

Castel Gandolfo. 1596-. Pope’s summer residence.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catholic Emancipation Act. 1829. Catholics readmitted to English Parliament. Test Act. O’Connell.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

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