Bateau-Lavoir. 1900. Paris birthplace of cubism (Picasso, Braque) and modern poetry (Jacob, Apollinaire, Orlan). Desmoiselles d’Avignon.

Ba’th. Ba’ath.

Bauhaus. 1919-33. German art institute. ’Arts and sciences should cooperate in architecture’ -Gropius.

Bayard, Pierre. 1476-1524. French knight in Italian wars. “The fearless and blameless knight.”

Bayeux Tapestry. c1104. 70 meter illustration of Norman Conquest of England.

Bayle, Pierre. 1647-1706. French religious sceptic: Dictionnaire Historique et Critique 1697.

Bean, Roy. 1825-1903. US frontier judge. “The Law West of the Pecos”.

Becket, St. Thomas à. 1118-70. Archbishop of Canterbury 1162-, murdered in Cathedral by Henry II’s knights.

Beckett, Samuel. 1906-89. English/Irish novelist, dramatist expressing man’s suffering: Waiting for Godot 1952. Endgame.

Becquerel, Henri. 1852-1908. French discoverer of Uranium radioactivity, 1896. Curie.

Beer Hall Putsch. 1923. Hitler’s unsuccessful Munich uprising. Wrote Mein Kampf while imprisoned 8 months.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Beghards. 13C. Catholic men’s charitable communities. Condemned 1311.

Béguines. 12C- Belgian Catholic women’s charitables communities. Condemned 1311. Still exist.

Bekhtrev, Vladmir. 1857-1927. Extended Pavlov’s Conditioned Response theory. Objective Psychology, 1910.

Belgium. 150BC Celts. 51BC Rome. 3C Franks. 9C Lower Lorraine. 15C Burgundy. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1714 Austria. 1795 French. 1814 Austria. 1815 +Holland=United Netherlands. 1831 Independent kingdom. Neutrality guaranteed by Quintuple Treaty 1839. WWII Germans occupy. 1948 Benelux.

Belinsky, V.G. 1811-48. Russian literary critic. Emphasized social responsibility of literature. “Father of Russian radical intelligentsia.”

Belle Epoque. 1885-1900. Time of flourishing arts and entertainment in Paris. Moulin Rouge.

Bellerophon. Pegasus’ rider, destroyed the Chimera.

Belloc, Hilaire. 1870-1953. French/English writer: Bad Child’s Book of Beasts 1896. Cautionary Tales 1907.

Bellona. Roman goddess of war. Mars’ sister.

Bellow, Saul. 1915-2005. Canadian/US psychological novelist: Herzog 1964. Humboldt’s Gift 1975.

Ben Gurion, David. 1886-1973. Polish/Israeli Labour pol. First Prime Minister of Israel, 1948~63. “Architect of Israel”.

Benét, Stephen. 1898-1943. US poet, writer. Devil and Daniel Webster 1937. John Brown’s Body 1928.

Benevolences. 1473-1689. Forced ’loans’ to English monarchs.

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