Baldwin, Stanley. 1867-1947. British Conservative Prime Minister. 1923~37. General Strike. Opposed rearmament. “Safety First”.

Balkan Wars. 1912-13. Balkan League defeats Ottoman Empire. Turkish territory distributed. General dissatisfaction termed the “powder keg of Europe”.

Balkans. Inhabited c6000BC. 6C BC Illyria. 148BC Rome(Illyricum)(N). 285 Byzantine(E). 4-7C Goths, Avars, Huns, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Serbs invade. 890 Bulgar Empire. 1159 Serbian empire. 1389 Ottoman. 1699 Austria(E,N)/Venice(S,W). 19C Eastern Question. Albania. Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia. Greece. Macedonia. Montenegro. Romania. Serbia. Slovenia. Yugoslavia.

Baltard, Victor. 1805-74. French architect. First to employ metal girders: Les Halles. St-Augustine’s Church.

Bancroft, George. 1800-91. “Father of American history”. History of United States 1834-74.

Banda, Hastings. c1902-97. Autocratic Malawi President 1963-. 1971- “President for Life”.

Bandaranaike, Sirimavo. 1916-2000. Ceylon Prime Minister 1960~77. World’s first woman Prime Minister.

Bangorian Controversy. 1717. Dispute over Church of England’s powers.

Banks, Joseph. 1743-1820. English botanist with Cook’s explorations.

Banville, Théodore de. 1823-91. French Parnassian poet. Early Symbolist. Odes funambulesques 1857.

Barbara, St. c200. Maiden martyr at father’s hands, who was struck by lightning. Patron St. of artillerymen.

Barbarians. Greek = foreigners. Roman term for Goths, Huns and Vandals who conquered Western Empire 3-6C.

Barbarossa II. 1466-1546. Turkish pirate. Conquered Algiers 1518, Tunis 1534.

Barbey d’Aurevilly, Jules. 1808-89. French dandy, social critic.Diaboliques 1874.

Barcarole. Venetian gondolier’s song with rocking rhythm.

Barebones Parliament. 1653. Cromwell’s Nominated Puritan Parliament. Named for MP, Praise-God Barbon.

Baroja y Nessi, Pio. 1872-1956. Basque novelist. Terse style influenced Hemingway. Somber Lives 1900. Generation of ’98.

Barons War. 1264-7. England. Led by Montfort vs Henry III’s spending. Evesham. Oxford Provisions. Ended by Marlborough Statute.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Barrault, Jean-Louis. 1910-94. French actor, producer. F. Théâtre d’Orsay.

Barry, Charles. 1795-1860. English architect: Westminster Parliament 1840. Trafalgar Square 1840-3.

Bartholemew’s Day, St. St. Bartholemew’s Day.

Bartlett, John. 1820-1905. US compiler of Familiar Quotations 1855.

Basque. Europe’s oldest racial group. NW Spain, SW France. Euzkadi. ETA.

Bastille. 1370. Paris fortified residence for Charles V, became a state prison, arsenal 1397. Stormed July 14, 1789. Symbolic overthrow of monarch’s power. Lettres de Cachet.

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