Carloman. 751-771. Charlemagne’s brother and co-ruler.

Carlyle, Thomas. 1795-1881. Scottish writer: Heroes and Hero Worship 1841. Cromwell’s Letters 1845. -“Britain-the chosen nation”.

Carmathians. 890-10C. Moslem reform sect. Kidnaped and ransomed Stone of Ka’bah 930-950.

Carnot, Lazare. 1753-1823. French mathematician. Called “organizer of victory” by Revolutionaries. Member of Directory, Tribunal. Instituted conscription.

Carpeaux, Jean-Baptiste. 1827-75. Neo-Baroque Paris sculptor. La Danse 1869.

Carracci, Annibale. 1560-1609. It Baroque painter. Palazzo Farnese frescoes 1599-1601.

Carthusians. 1084. Strict order of monks founded by St Bruno. Inventors of Chartreuse liqueur.

Cartier, Jacques. 1491-1557. French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River 1534.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Cassander. c354-297BC. Macedonian King. Fought for control after Alexander’s death. Diadochi.

Cassiopeia. Andromeda’s mother.

Castel Gandolfo. 1596-. Pope’s summer residence.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Catholic Emancipation Act. 1829. Catholics readmitted to English Parliament. Test Act. O’Connell.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

Cerceau, Jacques Androuet du. c1520-85. Optical Views 1551, treatise on architectural perspective.

Cervantes, Miguel de. 1547-1616. Spanish writer: Don Quixote 1605.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

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