Boucher, Francois. 1703-70. French mythological and landscape painter. Louis XV Rococo Style. Mme de Pompadour favourite. “Decorator of Boudoirs”. Déjeuner 1738.

Bowring, Treaty. 1855. Opened Siam to British trade.

Boyar. 10-17C. Russ. noble landowners.

Boycott, Charles. 1832-97. English land agent boycotted in Ireland, 1879. Land League.

Boyne, Battle. 1690. James II attempts to retake throne; defeated by William III, ending Catholic Stuart power in Ireland. Celebrated by Orangemen, Jul 12.

Breda Treaty. 1667. Ends Anglo-Dutch War. England gains New York.

Brétigny, Treaty (Calais). 1360. After Poitiers defeat, French John II ransomed for 3M gold crowns; Aquitaine to England.

Brian Boru. 941-1014. King of Munster 964-, unified Ireland, king 1002-. Began O’Brien dynasty.

Brill, Paul. 1554-1626. Flemish Mannerist landscape painter.

British Somaliland. 1880 British protectorate. 1960 +Italian Somaliland =independent Somalia.

British Virgin Is. Arawak. Carib. 1493 Columbus. 1555 Spain. 1648 Dutch. 1666 British settle. 1960 British Crown Colony.

Britons. 6C BC-6C Celtic inhabitants of England.

Brown, Charles. 1771-1810. “Father of American novel”. Wieland 1798.

Brown, Lancelot “Capability”. 1715-83. English landscape architect. Created the definitive “English Garden”: assymmetric, harmonious, accidental. Blenheim. Prior Park.

Bruegel, Jan (Velvet). 1568-1625. Flemish painter of landscape and still life.

Brussels, Treaty. 1948. = Western Union. 50 year alliance of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands. 1954 + W Germany, Italy.

Bull, John. Personification of England popularized by Arbuthnot 1712.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Cabot, John. c1450-99. Genoese explorer for England. Discovered Newfoundland, Labrador, 1497.

Cabot, Sebastian. c1474-1557. Venetian explorer for Spain and England. Hudson’s Bay, South America.

Caledonia. Roman name for north of Britain ≈Scotland.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Campbell, Thomas. 1777-1844. Scottish poet: Pleasures of Hope, Ye Mariners of England.

Canaan. Biblical Palestine. Israeli promised land.

Canada. 1000 Norse visit. 1497 Cabot explores. 1534 French claim Quebec. 1583 English claim, settle Newfoundland. 1605 French settle Quebec. 1763 British conquer French territory. 1867 Independent Dominion. 1870 +northwest territories. 1871 +British Columbia. 1873 +PEI. 1949 +Newfoundland, Labrador.

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