Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Halifax, First Earl of. 1661-1715. English Whig statesman. Started National Debt. Established Bank of England. 1694.

Handfasting. 1 yr trial marriage, Scotland.

Hanover, Treaty. 1725. England, France, Prussia oppose Vienna Treaty.

Hapsburg. Dynasty ruled Austria 1278-1918, Spain 1516-1700, Holy Roman Empire 1273-1806, Netherlands. 1712-97, Hungary 1526~1918.

Harald I. c850-933. First Norwegian king 860-930. Colonized Iceland c874.

Harald III. Norwegian king 1047-66. Killed invading England.

Harold II. Last Saxon king of England, 1066. Killed at Hastings.

Harris, Lawren. 1885-1970. Canadian landscape, abstract painter. Group of Seven. Lake and Mountains 1928.

Hastings, Battle. 1066. William defeats Harold II, conquers England for Normandy.

Helgoland Bight, Battle. 1914. British defeat Germans in first WWI naval battle.

Helvetia. Roman name for Switzerland.

Henry I. 1069-1135. King of England 1100-. Regained Normandy for England 1106. Defined yard 1101.

Henry II. 1133-1189. Plantagenet king of England 1154-. Common Law system. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine. Angevin Empire. Becket. Rosamund.

Henry IV. 1366-1413. Rebelled vs Richard II. King of England 1399-. Consolidated government. First Lancaster.

Henry V. 1387-1422. King of England 1413-. Claimed France. Victor at Agincourt. Treaty of Troyes.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Herbert, Victor. 1859-1924. Irish/US operetta composer. Babes in Toyland 1903.

Hess. Rudolph. 1894-1987. German Nazi leader. Flew to Scotland, 1941. Sentenced to life at Nuremberg.

Highland Garb Act. 1746-82. Prohibited wearing of tartan.

Hillary, Sir Edmund. 1919-2008. New Zealand, first to climb Mt. Everest, 1953, with Tenzig Norgay.

Hoffmann, August. 1798-1874. German poet. Deutschland über alles 1841.

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