Edda. c1230. Collections of Icelandic literature, songs.

Edgar. 943-975. English King, 959-. First coronation (Bath) of a king of all England.

Edinburgh, Treaty. 1560. France and England withdraw from Scotland.

Edmund I. 921-46. King of England 939-. Recaptured north England from Norse. Monastic revival.

Edward I. 1239-1307. King of England 1272-. Conquered Wales. Limited power of church and nobles. 1290 expelled Jews. Defined acre 1305.

Edward II. 1284-1327. King of England, 1307-. Defeated by Scots at Bannockburn. Deposed by wife, Isabella. Templars.

Edward III. 1312-77. King of England 1327-. Claimed crown of France, causing Hundred Years War.

Edward IV. 1442-83. First York king of England. 1461~83. Revived monarch’s power. Wars of Roses.

Edward V. 1470-83. King of England 1483. Imprisoned and probably killed by Richard III. Wars of Roses.

Edward VI. 1537-53. King of England and Ireland, 1547-. Protestant reform. Named Jane Grey as successor.

Edward the Elder. 870-924. King of Wessex, 899. Drove Danes from NW England.

EFTA. European Free Trade Association. 1960. Free trade with EEC: Austria, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland. Until joining EEC: Denmark, Portugal, UK.

Egbert. King of Wessex, 802-39. Temporary control of all England.

Eighty Years War. 1568~1648. Netherlands wins indep from Spain.

Eire. Ireland, Republic.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Elizabeth I. 1533-1603. Queen of England, 1558-. Stable, prosperous reign of literature and art. Restored Protestantism. Supported them abroad.

Emancipation Edict. 1861. Freed Russian serfs. Gave land allotment, paid by loans.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

England. c1800BC Beaker folk. 8C BC Celt. 150BC Belgae. 55BC-407 Rome. 5C Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. 9C Dane(N,E). 10C A-S/Dane. 1042 Anglo-Saxon. 1066 Norman. 1204 -Normandy. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Ephesus, Council. 431. Nestor debates Cyril. Monophysitism adopted.

Erik the Red. Norwegian explorer, discovered Greenland c985. Established First colony.

Erse. Gaelic language of Scottish Highlands.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Etaples, Treaty. 1492. England renounces claim to France, except Calais.

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