Porter, Edwin. 1869/70-1941. US filmmaker. First dramatic editing -Great Train Robbery 1903; First US documentary -The Life of an American Fireman 1903.

Porter, Katherine. 1890-1980. US writer. Ship of Fools 1962.

Porter, William Sidney. O Henry.

Potemkin, Grigori. 1739-91. Russian Field Marshal. Supported Catherine II.

Qaddafi, Muammar. 1942-. Radical nationalist Libyan dictator 1969- after deposing Idris I. Nationalized oil industry 1973. Middle East terrorist supporter.

Quadruple Alliance. 1718. Austria, France, Britain, Dutch Republic. Defeated Spain’s attack on Sicily. 1813,15. Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia. Enforced Treaty of Paris. 1834 France, Britain, Portugal, Spain. Supported Isabella II vs Carlist claims.

Renner, Karl. 1870-1950. Austrian republican leader and president. Supported union with Germany before WWII.

Ridley, Nicholas. c1500-55. English Protestant bishop. Supported Lady Jane Grey. Executed.

Samaritans. Jewish sect. Claim descent from Jews not deported 722BC. A claim rejected by other Jews. Lost Ten Tribes of Israel.

Scalawags. White southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction.

Sprengtporten, G.M. 1740-1819. Finnish colonel. Finland to join Russian Empire.

St Vincent and the Grenadines. Carib. 1498 Columbus discovers. 1763 English. 1773 Treaty with Caribs. 1795 Carib revolt fails, most deported. 1871 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1969 Autonomous. +Grenadines. 1979 Independent.

Suffolk, Duke of. -1554. Father, supported Lady Jane Grey. Executed for Wyat Rebellion.

Teller, Edward. 1908-. Hungarian/US physicist. Manhattan project. Supported H-bomb.

Thapsus, Battle. 46BC. Caesar defeats Scipio and Pompey’s supporters in north Africa securing dictatorship.

Tisza, István. 1861-1918. Hungarian Prime Minister 1903-5,13-17. Supported alliance with Germany. Assassinated.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. 1834. 6 British farmworkers transported despite protests for union organizing.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

United Empire Loyalists. 18C. Colonists who supported Britain during American Revolution, went to Canada.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Victor Emmanuel III. 1869-1947. Last Italian king 1900~46. Supported Mussolini. Abdicated.

Wahabi. 18-19C. Militant Moslem Arab Puritan sect. Fought Porte 1813-15. Invaded Kuwait 1919,27,28; repulsed with British help. 2001 World Trade Center. Taliban.

William I. (Wilhelm) 1797-1888. Hohenzollern King of Prussia 1861-. German Empire. 1871-. Supportedf Bismarck vs Austria and France.

William I. The Conqueror. c1027-87. Norman conquest of England, 1066. Defeated Harold II at Hastings. Ordered Domesday Survey 1085. Built Tower of London 1086. Imported feudal system.

Zen Buddhism. 6C-. Sect founded by Bodhidharma. Sudden Enlightenment by meditation on Koan paradoxes. 1191 imported to Japan.

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