Shimonoseki Treaty. 1895. Ended first Sino-Japanese War. Japan gained Taiwan, Port Arthur. Korea independent.

Sicyon. 4C BC Ancient Greek city known for artists.

Siddhartha Guatama. Buddha.

Siegfried Line. 1937-40 German fortifications on western frontier = West Wall. Also, part of Hindenburg Line.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Six, les. 1917-74. French composers initiated Neoclassical. Milhaud. Honegger.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Slansky Trial. 1952. Jewish Czech communists purged during Stalin anti-semitism. Those executed were restored to party membership 1968.

Slave Coast. 17-18C. Parts of Nigeria, Togo, Dahomey.

Smetana, Bedrich. 1824-84. Czech Nationalist opera composer. Bartered Bride 1866. “-Father of Czech music”.

Smolensk. Victories of Napoleon 1812, Germans 1941.

Social Credit Party. Canada. Aberhart. Douglas. 1935- Alberta, BC, federal parties. Social Credit.

Social Democratic Party. 1981-87. British moderate Labour centre party.

Social Democratic Party. 1863. Oldest German political party. Marxist to 1959. Now less radical.

Socialist Party. 1892 Italy; 1905 France; 1932 Japan. 1932 Canada.

Socialist Party. 1901-30. US party advocating socialism based on earlier Social Democratic and Social Labor (1876) Parties. Ideas applied to New Deal.

Socialist Revolutionary Party. 1901-22. Russia. Sought classless society. Suppressed by Bolsheviks.

Solidarity. 1980. Polish workers movement led by Walesa. Martial Law 1981-83. Democratic elections 1989.

Soto, Jesus. 20C Venezuelan Op/Kinetic artist. Vibration 1965.

Sousa, Martin de. 1500-64. First Portuguese colony in Brazil 1532.

South Africa. 1910 Britain unites possessions: Cape of Good Hope + Natal + Orange Free State + Transvaal = Union of South Africa. Constitution included white supremacy. 1920 +German South-West Africa by mandate. 1948 Apartheid. 1961 = Republic of South Africa; left Commonwealth. 1990 -Namibia 1994 ANC gains power.

Spain. c3000BC Iberians. c11C BC Phoenicians. c10C Celts. 6C Basques. c5C Carthage. 3C BC Rome. 5C Vandals, Visigoths. 711 Moslems. 801 Charlemagne. 10C independent kingdoms of Castile, León, Aragon, Navarre. 1031-1492 Reconquista. 1143 Portugal independent. 1479 Aragon, Castile unite. 1492 Moors final defeat. 1512 + Navarre =Spain. 1808 Napoleon. 1898 -Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. Spanish American War. 1931 Republic. 1936 Civil War. 1939 Franco. 1975 Parliamentary Monarchy. ETA. New Spain.

Spallanzani, Lazzaro. 1729-99. Ended the belief in spontaneous generation of life. Artificial insemination 1780.

Sparta. 9C BC-396. A dominant Greek city-state 6-4C BC. Peloponnesian War defeated rival Athens. 396 Visigoths destroy.

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