Cartier, Jacques. 1491-1557. French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River 1534.

Cartouche. 1693-1721. Chief of a band of thieves in Paris 1717-.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Cartwright, Edmund. 1743-1823. Power loom 1785.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Castiglione. 1796. Napoleonic victory kept Austria out of Italy.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cavalier Party. 1660-88. Royalists. Became Tory.

Cavaliers. Royalist partisans in English Civil War.

CCF. 1932. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Canadian Socialist party. 1961 =New Democratic Party.

Central Committee. Governing body of USSR Communist Party.

Centre Party. 1871-1933. German Roman Catholic political party.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Charlie, Bonnie Prince. 1720-88. Scottish Stuart pretender to the English throne. Unsuccessful revolt 1745. Exiled.

Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

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