Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Symons, Arthur. 1865-1945. British Symbolist poet.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Taft-Hartley Act. 1947. US act regulating unions, strikes.

Tamayo, Rufino. 1899-91. Mexican artist.

Tammany Society. 1789-. Powerful NY Democratic party association.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

Tangier. 15C BC Phoenicia. Carthage. Rome = Tingis. 429 Vandal. 541 Byzantine. 621 Visigoth. c682 Moslem. 1471-17C Spain, Portugal dispute. 1661 English. 1684 Morocco. 1923 International neutral port. 1940-45 Spanish occupy. 1956 Morocco.

Tappan, Arthur. 1786-1865. US abolitionist. Founded Anti-Slavery Society 1833.

Targowica, Confederation. 1792. Conservative Poles begin war. Second partition 1793.

Tartini, Giuseppe. 1692-1770. Italian violinist, composer.

Tartu, Treaty. 1920. Estonia independent of Russia.

Taxation. On Income 1193. On Cooking Oil: 1000BC Egypt. Foreigners: 400BC Greece. Imports 1CBC Rome. Property: 453BC Greece, 1642 England. Sales: 49BC Rome. 1973 UK VAT. Inheritance: 23BC Rome. Salt: 1286-1790 France. Hair Powder: 1795-1869 Hearths: 1663-89. Cards: 1615. Whiskey. Eisphora. Boadicea. Godiva. Danegeld. Domesday Book. Tithes.

Tea Act. 1773. British give British East India Company effective monopoly in North America. Boston Tea Party.

Tegh Bahadur. 1621-75. 2nd Sikh martyr.

Telemann, Georg. 1681-1767. German Baroque composer of vitality, wit and color.

Tertullian. c160-220. Carthaginian theologian. Influenced Christianity. Became Montanist. Founded Tertullianism.

Test Ban Treaty. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

Tetzel, Johann. c1465-1519. German monk. Sold indulgences by threats causing Luther’s protests.

Themistocles. c523-460BC. Athenian archon, naval leader 493-480BC. Defeated Persians at Salamis, 480. Rebuilt Acropolis. Started Piraeus harbour.

Thermopylae. 480BC. Spartans resist Xerxes 3 days before being overwhelmed.

Third Estate. Part of States General 1789. National Assembly. French Revolution.

Thirty Tyrants. 404-403BC. Ruled Athens after defeat by Sparta.

Thirty-nine Articles. 1571 Doctrine of Church of England.

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