Whig. 1834-54. US political party. Divided over slavery, most became Republican.

White Australia Policy. 1901-72. Anti-non-European immigration policies.

White Terror. 1815. Against Jacobins and Bonapartists.

Whitlam, Gough. 1916-. Australian Labour Prime Minister 1972-5. Quit Vietnam War. Dismissed by Governor General. Reduced immigration restrictions. White Australia.

Winkelried, Arnold von. -1386. Swiss hero of Sempach. Sacrificed himself to create a breach in the cavalry of Duke Leopold.

Witte, Sergei. 1849-1915. Russian finance minister 1892-1903. Trans-Siberian Railway. Capitalistic policies. First Prime Minister 1905-6.

Yüan. 1279-1368. Chinese Mongol dynasty founded by Kublai Khan. Grand Canal. Postal system. Marco Polo.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Zamenhof, L. 1859-1917. Polish Esperanto language inventor 1887.

Zeeman, Pieter. 1865-1943. Dutch physicist. Magnetic effect on light polarization.

Zhdanov, Andrei. 1896-1948. Russian Politburo member. Created Cominform. Restricted Soviet cultural activities.

Znaim Armistice. 1809. Napoleon and Archduke Charles. Wagram Battle.

Aegospotami. 405BC. Naval battle, ends Peloponnesian War. Victory of Lysander vs Athens.

Anarchism, Communistic. Marxist revolutionary version of anarchism that seeks to overthrow the state. Bakunin. Kropotkin. Assassinated: Sadi-Carnot, Empress Elizabeth, Umberto I, McKinley.

Aramaeans. Ancient Semitic people of Mesopotamia, Syria. Language widespread 10C-5C BC. Alphabet 720 BC.

Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.

Arsacids. 247BC-224 AD. Parthian dynasty ruling Persia and Mesopotamia. Def by Sassanians.

Augustine, St. 354-430. Author of Confessions, City of God. Bishop of Hippo. “God is omnipotent.” Introduced Neoplatonic Determinism to Christianity. Church should rule state.

Bavarian Succession, War. (Potato War). 1778-9. Prussia stops Austria from taking over Bavarian land ceded to it.

Bucchero Ware. 7-5C BC Shiny black Etruscan pottery.

Capote, Truman. 1924-84. US novelist. Breakfast at Tiffany’s 1958. In Cold Blood 1965.

Charles III. 1716-88. King of Spain 1759-. Enlightened despot. Lost Florida but strengthened empire.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Daugherty, Harry. 1860-1941. US attorney general. Acquitted in Teapot Dome scandal.

Delft. Dutch city famous 17-18C for pottery.

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